Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey
See book keywords and concepts |  Pharmacokinetics of soybean isoflavones in plasma, urine and feces of men after ingestion of 60 g baked soybean powder (kinako). J. Nutr. 128, 1710-1715.
16. Gross, M. D., Pfeiffer, M., Martini, M., Campbell, D., Slavin, J., and Potter, J. (1996). The quantitation of metabolites of quercetin flavonols in human urine. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 711-720.
17. Noroozi, M., Burns, J., Crozier, A., Kelly, I. E., and Lean, M. E. J. (2000). Prediction of dietary flavonol consumption from fasting plasma concentration or urinary excretion. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 143-149.
18. Gasper, A. V. |
Judith Wills
See book keywords and concepts |  There are two main types of phytoestrogen, isoflavones and lignans. isoflavones are found in legumes, particularly soybeans, and several trials have shown a link between low incidence of breast cancer development and high soy intake. The particular isoflavone equol appears to confer the most benefit.
Soy isoflavones also appear to reduce hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal women.
Lignans are found in various plant foods, especially flax seeds, whole grains, and berries. The lignan enterolactone in this case appears to be the most potent form in helping to prevent breast cancer. |
Michael Friedman, ND
See book keywords and concepts |  Pharmacology: Astragalus contains glycosides, polysaccharides, choline, betaine, rumatakenin, beta-sitos-terol, isoflavones, and selenium. The polysaccharides have been found to increase phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial cells, stimulate pituitary-adrenal cortical activity, and restore depleted red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. They also stimulate the production of interferon.57
Clinical Applications: Astragalus is antiviral, carminative, antispasmodic, and hepatic. It improves glucose tolerance and acts as a vasodilator. |
Richard Beliveau, Ph.D. and Denis Gingras, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  This ability of genistein and other isoflavones to act on hormone receptors gives us great reason to hope that soybean consumption may be useful in the prevention of hormone-dependent cancers (see inset).
THE ANTI-CANCER PROPERTIES OF SOYBEANS hormone-dependent cancers such as breast cancer and prostate cancer are the primary causes of death from cancer in Western society; they are, however, rare in Asian populations. | | Soybeans themselves offer what may be the most delicious way of eating soy, as well as a pleasant means of treating yourself to an excellent source of anti-cancer phytochemical compounds: isoflavones.
Miso
Miso is a fermented paste prepared from a mixture of soybeans, salt, and a fermenting agent, koji, generally made from rice and the Aspergillus oryzae fungus. The ingredients are mixed and left to ferment for a period of six months to five years. Known in Japan as early as 700 A.D. | | Curiously, many of the phytochemicals showing the highest levels of cancer prevention activity are present only in a few very specific foods (Figure 20). The isoflavones in soybeans, the resveratrol present in grapes, the curcumin in turmeric spice, the isothiocyanates and indoles of broccoli, or the catechins in green tea are all anti-cancer molecules occurring naturally in a very select group of foods. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Bioflavonoids are a class of phytonutrients that contain subclasses, including isoflavones, flavones, and flavenols. These are very important antioxidants; they affect hormone modulation, anti-inflammatory protection, and gene expression of our detoxification enzymes.
Vitamins and minerals also affect our gene expression. The B vitamins are particularly important in this, especially B6, Bn, and folic acid. These clearly modulate gene activity to protect us against cancer and heart disease, as well as improve brain function. |
Judith Wills
See book keywords and concepts | | There are two main types of phytoestrogen, isoflavones and lignans. isoflavones are found in legumes, particularly soybeans, and several trials have shown a link between low incidence of breast cancer development and high soy intake. The particular isoflavone equol appears to confer the most benefit.
Soy isoflavones also appear to reduce hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal women.
Lignans are found in various plant foods, especially flax seeds, whole grains, and berries. The lignan enterolactone in this case appears to be the most potent form in helping to prevent breast cancer. |
Michael Castleman
See book keywords and concepts |  Soy isoflavones and phytosterols first came to American scientific attention at a National Cancer Institute conference in 1990. isoflavones, also known as phytoestrogens (literally, plant estrogens) show the most powerful anti-cancer effects. They are structurally similar to the female sex hormone, and they bind to the same receptor sites on breast cells. But unlike hormonal estrogen, isoflavones and phytosterols do not spur the growth of breast tumors. When the soy chemicals bind to estrogen receptors, they prevent hormonal estrogen from doing so, which in turn prevents tumor growth. |
Amarjit S. Basra
See book keywords and concepts |  Clinically, these isoflavones were used for the treatment of hypertensive disease, angina pectoris, migraine headaches, and sudden deafness.
O
(59) Rt = H, R2 = H, R3 = H
(60) Ri = 1, R2 = Glucopyranose, R3 = H
(61) Rt = Glucopyranose, R2 = H, R3 = H
FIGURE 4.11. Illustrations of the chemical structures of nevadensin (57), corylifolinin (58), daidzein (59), daizin (60), and puerarin (61).
Xanthones
The total xanthones from Swertia mussotii Franch. possess potent activity against acute liver injury caused by hypoxia. | | Many members of the Fabaceae family accumulate a number of isoflavonoid compounds, such as the isoflavones genistein and daidzein as well as their glycosides that exist in soybeans.50 Several health benefits have been assigned to these compounds, at times referred to as phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are associated with relief of menopausal symptoms, reduction of osteoporosis, improvement of blood cholesterol levels, and lowering the risk of certain hormone-related cancers and coronary heart disease. | | The branching of the flavonoid metabolic pathway to isoflavones occurs by the action of the enzyme isoflavone synthase. Isoflavone synthase, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, oxidizes the flavanone intermediates naringenin and liquiritigenin into genistein and daidzein, respectively.52 Naringenin is synthesized by most plants as an intermediate to other flavonoids, such as the common anthocyanin pigments. | | Similarly, the use of soy-based infant foods has been reviewed with concerns about high exposure to isoflavones and possible biological effects.36
Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) was traditionally used by the Algonquin Indians of North America to treat premenstrual problems (see Photo 18.6). It is approved by the German Commission E for treating premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and menopausal symptoms. | | Production of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues, Plant Physiology, 124: 781-793.
55. Verpoorte R., Contin, A., and Memelink, J., 2002, Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites, Phytochemistry Reviews, 1: 13-25; Croteau, Kutchan, and Lewis, 2000, Natural products (secondary metabolites).
56. Verpoorte, Contin, and Memelink, 2002, Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary metabolites; Kutchan, T.M. | | Identification and expression of isotlavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes, Nature Biotechnology, 18: 208-212.
51. Dixon, R.A. and Steele, C.L., 1999. Flavonoids and isoflavonoids—A gold mine for genetic engineering, Trends in Plant Science, 4: 394-400.
52. Jung et al., 2000, Identification and expression of isoflavone synthase.
53. Croteau, Kutchan, and Lewis, 2000, Natural products (secondary metabolites).
54. Yu, O., Jung, W., Shi, J., Croes, R.A., Fader, G.M., McGonigle, B., and Odell, J.T. |
Dianne Onstad
See book keywords and concepts |  Isoflavones Found in soybeans, isoflavones block the absorption of estrogen by cells, thus reducing the tisk of certain estrogen-dependent malignancies such as breast cancer. Othet flavonoids, in fruits and vegetables from berries to carrots, block receptor sites for hormones that may promote cancef.
I.U. (or IU) Abbreviation for International Unit. One milligram of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is equal to twenty International Units of vitamin C as defined and adopted by the Permanent Commission on Biological Standatdization of the League of Nations in June 1934. |
Dr. Paula Baillie-Hamilton
See book keywords and concepts |  The isoflavones in unsweetened soymilk are thought to help fight cancer, heart disease, high cholesterol, menopausal symptoms, and osteoporosis.
Vegetables
You can eat unlimited amounts of the following vegetables, raw, steamed, or as fat-free vegetable soup. Again, eat organic whenever possible. |
Richard Beliveau, Ph.D. and Denis Gingras, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | It is this phytochemical content, in fact, that is responsible
PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FOUND IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Family
Polyphenols
Terpenes
Sulfur compounds (sulfides)
Saponins
Flavonoids
Phenolic acids
Non-flavonoids —\
Carotenoids Monoterpenes
Diallyl sulfides Isothiocyanates
Triterpenoids Steroids
Subclass
Anthocyanidins Flavones Flavanols Flavanones Flavonols isoflavones Tanins
Hydroxycinnamates Hydroxybenzoates
Stibenes Coumarins Lignans
Table 7 for the organoleptic properties that are so characteristic of these foods (bitterness, as-tringency, odour . . . |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Active constituents
Kudzu root is high in isoflavones, such as daidzein, as well as isoflavone glycosides, such as daidzin and puer-arin. Depending on its growing conditions, the total isoflavone content varies from 1.77—12.0%, with puerarin in the highest concentration, followed by daidzin and daidzein.2
A widely publicized 1993 animal study showed that both daidzin and daidzein inhibit the desire for alcohol.3 The authors concluded the root extract may in fact be useful for reducing the urge for alcohol and as treatment for alcoholism (page 12). |
Mike Adams
See book keywords and concepts |  Now we know that it is loaded with phytochemicals — with isoflavones like genistein, cholesterol-lowering daidzein, protease inhibitors, phytic acids, saponins, phenolic acids, and intense concentrations of coumarins. This is a stew with potent properties as an antioxidant and with phytosterols that compete against the hormone-related cancers; it's a hormone-deflecting, tumor-suppressing, blood-thinning, virus-fighting, cholesterol-lowering warrior.
Genistein, for example, has been shown to thwart cancer at every stage of its development. |
Dianne Onstad
See book keywords and concepts | | Soybeans, like peas and other legumes, are rich in isoflavones, also known as phytoestrogens (plant estrogens). These isoflavones actually bind to estrogen receptors and thus prevent the binding of the body's own estrogen to the receptor. Phytoestrogens are currently under study, and there is controversy over whether they are beneficial or not.
Health Precautions
Soybeans, if consumed in high quantities, can block protein absorption. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts |  On this basis, researchers have examined the effects of isolated soybean components (proteins, isoflavones, and fiber) on such conditions. isoflavones are phytochemicals, in this case estrogen-like compounds that accompany the proteins after they are extracted. Investigators wondered, for example, whether isoflavones separately or with proteins might be responsible for the low rates of menopausal symptoms and breast cancer among Asian women. They also suggested that American women should eat more soy foods in order to gain such benefits. |
Richard Beliveau, Ph.D. and Denis Gingras, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Supplements containing isoflavones are not an acceptable alternative to the whole food and should be avoided.
CHAPTER 9
An Anti-cancer Kitchen Spice: Introducing Turmeric
Given the ubiquity and overall pervasiveness of spices in modern culinary tradition, it is difficult to imagine that these substances could once have represented a commodity as precious as gold or oil. | | An incredible number of products containing some of the molecules described in this book already exist: ellagic acid, curcumin, anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, isoflavones, I3C, and sulforaphane may all be easily purchased, over the Internet, for example, where they are promoted and sold on the premise that they reduce the risk of cancer.
Attempting to describe the health-enhancing properties of fruits and vegetables in terms of a single phytochemical compound is not only reductive, but illogical. |
Erich Grotewold
See book keywords and concepts |  Each group of flavonoid compounds serves specific functions to the plant, under particular developmental or biotic/abiotic conditions. Thus, each branch of the pathway is under separate control, ensuring that the appropriate compounds are produced when and where required.
97
Figure 4.1 (A-D) Maize kernels showingphlobaphenes andanthocyanins. (A) Accumulation ofphlobaphenes in the pericarp under the control of the unstable Pl-vv allele and anthocyanins in the aleurone under CI and the unstable R-m3 allele. (B) Pl-vv with phlobaphenes in the pericarp. |
Joseph E. Mario
See book keywords and concepts |  Has seven phytosterol isoflavones, weak plant estrogens in concentration of 1 part in 400, that inhibit human Estrogen production and breast cancer risk; including Genistein, Diadzein, and Glycitein that may ease menopause problems and lessen hot flashes. Genistein binds to Estrogen-receptors normalizing menses changes, and sending Estrogen to the liver for elimination to reduce PMS discomforts; will also substitute for low Estrogen. |
by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | An intake of approximately 300 milligrams of isoflavones provides the equivalent dosage of about 0.45 milligram of conjugated estrogens, or one tablet of Premarin, a popular estrogen used for menopausal symptoms. In addition to the estrogenic activities, isoflavonoids are demonstrating other beneficial effects in preventing bone loss.
There is also evidence that phytoestrogens may exert a balancing effect when estrogen levels are high, as is commonly seen in premenstrual syndrome (PMS). |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |  Mega Soy Formula from Prolongevity is a good supplement that contains a substantial amount of genistein and other isoflavones that help to fight cancer.
• D-glucaric acid, a phytochemical found in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower, has shown evidence in several clinical studies of reducing the incidence of cancers of the breast, lung, liver, and skin. D-glucaric acid is also available in supplement form combined with calcium (calcium D-glucarate). | | Fermented soy products, such as miso, tempeh, fermented tofu, and soymilk, are now widely available and are loaded with isoflavones, which are immediately bioavailable, and they have more genistein and nutrients than regular soy. They also fit in with Asian dietary practices. Fermentation yields more nutrients such as beta-glucan, glutathione, and the B-vitamins than standard products.
Yogurt is the only animal-derived complete-protein source recommended for frequent use in the diet. |
page 4 of 16 | Next ->
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