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Superfoods Rx Diet: Lose Weight with the Power of SuperNutrients

Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
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In a study of rats, researchers found that soy isoflavones actually played a role in reducing inflammation, a condition that we've looked at as playing a role in exacerbating obesity and weight gain. The rats in this study that consumed soy isoflavones had improved insulin sensitivity, which seemed to be caused by a reduction in inflammation.41' f you're a postmenopausal woman who has metabolic syndrome, you could benefit from regular consumption of soy nuts.

You Don't Have to be Afraid of Cancer Anymore

Bill Sardi
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No recommendation regarding soy isoflavones can be made based on the current data. Also, soy isoflavones should not be taken by postmenopausal women for the specific purpose of decreasing their risk of breast or endometrial cancer." This is very puzzling, given the fact that the American Heart Association says the inclusion of soy protein foods as part of an otherwise healthy diet is well justified. Good for the heart but unclear for breast health.

101 Foods That Could Save Your Life!

David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
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Jin Z, MacDonald RS. soy isoflavones increase latency of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice. /Nutr. 2002 Oct;132(10):3186-3190. Messina M, McCaskill-Stevens W, Lampe JW. Addressing the soy and breast cancer relationship: review, commentary, and workshop proceedings. / Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Sep20;98(18):1275-1284. Messina, M.J. Emerging evidence on the role of soy in reducing prostate cancer risk. NutrRev. 2004 Apr6;61(4):117-131. Reinwald S, Weaver CM. soy isoflavones and bone health: a double edged sword? / Nat Prod. 2006 Mar;69(3):450-459.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition

Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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In contrast, postmenopausal women supplemented with soy isoflavones demonstrated improved verbal memory, but not in other measurements of cognitive function, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Postmenopausal women, not on estrogen replacement and in good health, were supplemented with 110 mg of Soy-extracted isoflavones/day (n=27) or an identical placebo (n=26) for 6 months. A trend toward improved cognitive function (visuomotor tracking and attention) was noted in the treatment group as it related to baseline values and between placebo and treatment groups.
In terms of breast cancer, soy isoflavones are converted in the bowel to antineoplastic agents, which demonstrated cytostatic actions on estrogen receptor-positive and negative human mammary cancer cell lines. The chemopreventive potential of genistein in breast cancer has been demonstrated in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies but few clinical studies are available. Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between hormone-dependent breast cancer incidence and mortality and a Soy-rich Asian diet (Stoll, 1997).
In young healthy adults supplemented with soy isoflavones, there were improvements in memory and mental flexibility, but not attention and category generation task (File et al, 2001) Estrogenic Effects: Soy contains several isoflavones that degrade to genistein, glycitein, and daidzein. These molecules are structurally related to estradiol (Grauds, 1999). In one study, isoflavones altered estrogen metabolism. Eighteen post menopausal women were given three diets for 93 days each, separated by a 25-day washout period between the diets.
Cognitive Function/Mood in Postmenopausal Women A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed to investigate the effects of soy isoflavones on mood and cognitive function in 78 postmenopausal women. Investigators administered 60 mg/day isoflavones or placebo for six months. After a wash-out period of one month, the patients who had been treated with phytoestrogens received placebo and vice versa. At the end of each treatment a battery of tests was carried out.

The Science of Flavonoids

Erich Grotewold
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Ultrasound assisted extraction of soy isoflavones, J Chromatogr A 1012: 119-128. Rostagno, M. A., Palma, M. and Barroso, C.G., 2004, Pressurized liquid extraction of isoflavones from soybeans, Anal Chim Acta 522: 169-177. Sanchez-Rabaneda, F., Jauregui, O., Casals, I., Andres-Lacueva, C, Izquierdo-Pulido, M. and Lamuela- Raventos, R. M., 2003, Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric study of the phenolic composition of cocoa (Theobroma cacao), J Mass Spectrom 38: 35-42. Self, R., Eagels, J., Galletti, G. C, Mueller-Harvey, I., Hartley, R. D., Lea, A. G. H.
Characterisation of soy isoflavones and screening for novel malonyl glycosides using high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry, Phytochem Anal 12: 377-382. Hall, R., Beale, M, Fiehn, 0., Hardy, N., Sumner, L. W., and Bino, R., 2002, Plant metabolomics: the missing link in functional genomics strategies, Plant Cell 14: 1437-1440. Hansen, S. H., Jensen, A. G., Cornett, C, Bjornsdottir, I., Taylor, S., Wright, B., and Wilson, I. D.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition

Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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In vitro inhibition of LDL oxidation by means of soy isoflavones genistein and genistin. FASEB J 11:A271.1997. Barnes S, Petersen G, Coward L. Rationale for the use of genistein-containing SOY matrices in chemoprevention trials for breast and prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem Suppl 22:181-187. 1995. Baum JA, Teng H, Erdman JW Jr., et al: Long-term intake of Soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-densitiy-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nuty 68(3):545-551. 1998.

The Science of Flavonoids

Erich Grotewold
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K, 1998, Inhibition of murine bladder tumorigenesis by soy isoflavones via alterations in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, Cancer Res, 58: 5231-5238. CHAPTER 9 FLAVONOIDS AS SIGNAL MOLECULES Targets of Flavonoid Action WENDY ANN PEER AND ANGUS S. MURPHY Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA 1. INTRODUCTION Plant-derived foods that are rich in flavonoids are regularly touted in the popular press for their benefits in ameliorating age-related diseases.

The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth About What You Should Eat and Why

Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
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Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry found that edamame had a fair amount of both soy isoflavones and carotenoids. Cooked edamame have a sweet, nutty flavor and are traditionally eaten as a vegetable in stir-fries in China and Korea. As a snack, the seeds are usually squeezed directly into the mouth with the fingers. Fermented Soy (tempeh and miso) Two soy products I do like for their health benefits are tempeh and miso. Tempeh is actually a traditional Indonesian food, made from the controlled fermentation of cooked whole soybeans.

Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine: Alternative Therapies and Integrative Medicine for Total Health and Wellness

Tori Hudson, N.D.
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This study demonstrated that regular consumption of soy foods, as either soy protein or soy isoflavones, was inversely associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. Moreover, this study indicated that isoflavones are selectively estrogenic and antiestrogenic; they have an estrogenic effect on some tissues and organs and an antiestrogenic effect on others. Soy foods may be analogous to a class of drugs called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
For some women, and this has been borne out in some studies, soy protein and soy isoflavones can be helpful in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes. For the specifics in regard to bone effects and cardiovascular effects, please refer to the osteoporosis and heart disease chapters. If you choose to increase soy foods or take soy beverages, powders, or supplements, a word about dosages and addressing some of the highly publicized controversies about soy is important.
The optimal use of soy would be to start early in life and eat a diverse array of soy foods with a total dietary intake of 50 to 150 mg of soy isoflavones per day. If you don't like soy foods, take a high-quality soy protein powder or capsule. Flaxseed. Another significant dietary source of phytoestrogens to consider is flaxseed. Flaxseed contains lignans, two of which, matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, are known to have estrogenic activity. Other lignans are modified by intestinal bacteria to form estrogenic compounds.
At the five-year endpoint, 70 percent of the women on the 150 mg of soy isoflavones had atrophic tissue versus 81 percent who received the placebo. After five years, the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia was significantly higher in the isoflavone-treated group, 3.37 percent versus 0 percent. There were five cases of simple hyperplasia and one of complex hyperplasia. No cases of atypical hyperplasia or endometrial cancer occurred during the five years. This is the first study that raises concerns about long-term, high-dose isoflavone supplementation and its effects on the endometrium.

The Science of Flavonoids

Erich Grotewold
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Some properties of soy isoflavones, such as preventing osteoporosis (Anderson, 1999) and lowering cholesterol levels (Lichtenstein, 1998), may suggest an estrogen-related mechanism. Isoflavones are believed to exert their effects through ER signaling pathway because of the structural similarity to estrogen. However, experimental studies have found that isoflavones at different concentrations may exhibit different effects (Martin et al, 1978). Genistein at concentrations lower than 1 (J.

In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto

Michael Pollan
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Because of these uncertainties, the FDA has declined to grant GRAS ("generally regarded as safe") status to soy isoflavones used as a food additive. As a senior scientist at the FDA's National Center forToxi-cological Research wrote, "Confidence that soy products are safe is clearly based more on belief than hard data." Until those data come in, I feel more comfortable eating soy prepared in the traditional Asian style than according to novel recipes developed by processors like Archer Daniels Midland. «» DON'T LOOK FOR THE MAGIC BULLET IN THE TRADITIONAL DIET.

Superfoods Rx Diet: Lose Weight with the Power of SuperNutrients

Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
See book keywords and concepts
The rats in this study that consumed soy isoflavones had improved insulin sensitivity, which seemed to be caused by a reduction in inflammation.41' f you're a postmenopausal woman who has metabolic syndrome, you could benefit from regular consumption of soy nuts. In a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, postmenopausal women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, also called Syndrome X, who ate soy nuts over a period of 8 weeks enjoyed better glycemic control and better lipid profiles when compared to a control group.4

101 Foods That Could Save Your Life!

David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts
Reinwald S, Weaver CM. soy isoflavones and bone health: a double edged sword? / Nat Prod. 2006 Mar;69(3):450-459. Totta P, Acconcia F, Virgili F, Cassidy A, Weinberg PD, Rimback G, Marino M. Daidzein-sulfate metabolites affect transcriptional and antiproliferative activities of estrogen receptor-beta in cultured human cancer cells. / Nutr. 2005 Nov;135(ll): 2687-2693. Zhang X, Shu XO, Li H, Yang G, Li Q, Gao YT, Zheng W. Prospective cohort study of soy food consumption and risk of bone fracture among postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Sep;165(16):1890-1895. Spelt www.agmrc.
Most animal studies have shown that soy isoflavones inhibit prostate tumor development. BREAST CANCER: The bulk of the literature suggests that including soy in the diet may have a protective effect for breast cancer, attributed in part to soybean's isoflavone content. However, the role of soy for those diagnosed with breast cancer remains controversial because data from in vitro and animal studies suggest that isoflavones found in soy, especially genistein, may stimulate the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumors. Unfortunately there are limited human data that directly confirm this concern.

Handbook of Medicinal Plants

Amarjit S. Basra
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Moreover, the effects of the other soy constituents such as soluble fibers, saponins, and oligosaccharides should not be ignored; the up-regulation of the LDL receptor by soy proteins has also been demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo but, as the inhibition of tyrosine kinase by soy isoflavones should result in a hypercholesterolemic effect, this may not be the exclusive mechanism of action of soy components. To further spark debate on the healthful properties of soy isoflavones, recent data questioned their bioavailability in humans.

Bottom Line's Health Breakthroughs 2007

Bottom Line Health
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This puts far more soy isoflavones into the diet than other cultures typically consume—and these high amounts may not be healthful. If you enjoy soy foods, limit your consumption to two servings per week, and eat them in their whole-food form—as tofu, tempeh, miso and edamame. •Be wary of herbal remedies. I'm cautious about black cohosh, red clover and other plant remedies that have estrogen-like properties. Research has not demonstrated clearly that they help, and some can have harmful side effects if not properly monitored.

Prescription for Natural Cures: A Self-Care Guide for Treating Health Problems with Natural Remedies Including Diet and Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Bodywork, and More

James F. Balch, M.D. and Mark Stengler, N.D.
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Soy Isoflavones Description: Phytoestrogen compounds that are extracted from soy, such as daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, are known as soy isoflavones. They are commonly used to reduce menopausal, PMS, and other female hormone-related conditions. They have been shown to help improve bone density, protect against bone loss, and reduce cholesterol levels. Interestingly, men with prostate problems are also helped.

Bottom Line's Health Breakthroughs 2007

Bottom Line Health
See book keywords and concepts
A study of cancer patients found that levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an indicator of prostate cancer, leveled off in men who were given soy isoflavones for six months. Isoflavones are believed to inhibit the enzymes that fuel the growth of tumors. Most men will develop prostate cancer at some point in their lives. This cancer grows slowly, so it may never cause related health problems—but prostate cancer still is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among men (lung cancer is the first). I advise every man to eat soy. •Menopausal discomfort.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition

Thomson Healthcare, Inc.
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This population-based prospective examination in 43,509 men from Japan aged 45 to 74 years old looked at the intake of soy isoflavones in the diet and the incidence of prostate cancer over time. The participants filled out a validated questionnaire that included questions about 147 food items at various times from 1995 through 2004. While consumption of Soy food, miso soup, genistein and and daidzein were not associated with the incidence of total prostate cancer, consumption did decrease the risk of localized prostate cancer.

In Defense of Food: An Eater's Manifesto

Michael Pollan
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But today we're eating soy in ways Asian cultures with much longer experience of the plant would not recognize: "Soy protein isolate," "soy isoflavones," "textured vegetable protein" from soy and soy oils (which now account for a fifth of the calories in the American diet) are finding their way into thousands of processed foods, with the result that Americans now eat more soy than the Japanese or the Chinese do. Yet there are questions about the implications of these novel food products for our health.

1000 Cures for 200 Ailments: Integrated Alternative and Conventional Treatments for the Most Common Illnesses

Marshall Editions
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Herbs: Take 400 mg of bromelain three times a day in between meals. soy isoflavones, the components of soy with the strongest estrogenic properties, are available in capsule form from health food stores. A typical dose is 50-1 50 mg daily.

The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth About What You Should Eat and Why

Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
See book keywords and concepts
The fermentation leaves the soy isoflavones intact. In research on soy protein, there is some evidence that the isoflavones may be responsible for helping to ease menopause symptoms. Soy protein and isoflavones such as those found in tempeh may possibly reduce the risk of heart disease and sonic cancers. Tempeh also contains saponins, health-promoting components of vegetables and legumes with strong biological activity, including acting as natural antibiotics. There is some suspicion that saponins may have cancer-protective or cancer-fighting activity.

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