Isadore Rosenfeld, M.D.
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 I am not aware of any proof for that claim, and more than 200 to 250 micrograms of chromium a day can cause anemia. There is no proof either that gamma-orycanol, derived from rice bran oil, builds muscles. L-carnitine, a combination of two amino acids, is widely used by athletes because it allegedly spares glycogen, so it's not depleted as quickly. This purported effect needs more research and I cannot recommend it at this time. I have not been able to find any convincing evidence that Imocine, derived from plants, is an effective anabolic steroid substitute either. |
| The beneficial effect of broccoli on diabetes is probably due in part to its high content of chromium and the fact that it is rich in complex carbohydrates. This is not a food that can be forced. Just eat as much as you like! There is no upper limit!)
The American Diabetic Association can provide you and your doctor with a specific diet plan based on caloric requirements tailored to your height, weight, and age. Following are the principles on which these diets are based. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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 Potassium, magnesium, chromium, Bi, B2, and B6 stimulate the glycolysis cycle and thus help the slow oxidizer become more efficient. Calcium, iodine, boron, vitamin A, B3, and B12 slow down the rate of glycolysis and thus help the fast oxidizer become more efficient. For example, if we try to give a high-potassium diet to a fast oxidizer, we will make them more metabolically out of balance.
The reverse is also true: if one gives vitamins and minerals that slow glucose metabolism to a slow oxidizer, one may make their condition even worse. |
Bill Gottlieb
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 Vitamin A: 10,000 international units (IU)
Beta-carotene and other carotenoids: 9 milligrams or more
B vitamins: 50 to 100 milligrams of most of the Bs
Vitamin C: 1,000 milligrams
Vitamin E: 200 to 400 IU
Zinc: 20 milligrams
Copper: 2 milligrams
Manganese: 2 to 3 milligrams
Selenium: 200 micrograms
Chromium: 200 micrograms
PHOSPHOLIPIDS: Crucial Compounds That Decline with Age
Phospholipids help form the neurons' outer covering, or membrane, and aid communication between brain cells. But they decline with age, possibly hurting memory. |
Grace Ross Lewis
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 Precautions: The FDA has concerns that several times the daily limit of chromium (200 meg) could be harmful. Some adverse effects include irregular heart beats.
Synonyms: NONE AVAILABLE. cigarette additives_
Products and Uses: There are 4000 ingredients in cigarettes. Additives include yeast, wine, caffeine, beeswax, and chocolate. Other ingredients, or byproducts, include ammonia, angelica extract (which is a carcinogen in animals), benzene, benzopyrene, butone, cadmium, cyanide, DDT, ethyl furoate, lead formaldehyde, methoprene (insecticide), napthalene, and tars, and so on. |
Michael Castleman
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 Other studies suggest that people who are deficient in chromium may have an increased risk of developing diabetes.
Consider single supplements. Multivitamin/mineral supplements have breadth, but they may not have the depth you need. For example, if you're a woman, nutrition experts recommend that you consume 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams of calcium a day. You can't get that much of the mineral in an insurance formula. So you may need a separate calcium supplement to make up the difference. (You can also get extra calcium from Turns 500 chewables. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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| Eventually our bodies become depleted in chromium.
Another example of this depletion phenomenon can be understood with enzymes. Live foods come with their own enzymes, which aid digestion when we ingest them. If the food is cooked, then these enzymes are inactivated. In order to compensate, our bodies must use more of our enzyme stores to digest the incoming food. The result is an accelerated enzyme depletion. This will be explained further in the chapter on enzymes. |
Paul Pitchford
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 Above this level, as noted above, chromium decreases. Since large quantities of highly active vitamin C along with its associated metabolites can be obtained from one's diet, it may be that supplemental C is really never necessary when the diet is optimal. Therefore, in the conditions listed below which benefit from vitamin C supplementation, it is assumed that the diet contains insufficient C.
People who eat a meat-centered diet of overly processed foods may well benefit from a gram (1,000 mg.) or so of ascorbic acid daily. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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| Other possible causes are chromium, zinc, pantothenic acid, magnesium, potassium, or pyridoxine deficiency. In rare cases, pancreatic tumors, Addison's disease, and pituitary tumors may cause organic hypoglycemia.
Allergies are a common contributor to hypoglycemia. The allergen is often white sugar itself, but it may be any substance. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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 A now famous study showed that when rats were fed chromium in their food throughout their lives, they lived 36 percent longer. In human terms, that would be the equivalent of adding 25 years to your life!
Possible Benefits
Burns fat, increases muscle mass. Reduces cholesterol and triglycerides. Prevents insulin resistance.
The Right Amount
Take up to three 200-mcg. capsules daily.
Ciwuja
Facts
Can an ancient Chinese herb improve athletic performance and endurance? There's exciting new evidence that it can. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
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 Take 200 micrograms of chromium twice daily, and 500 micrograms of vanadium once daily, both with a meal. These minerals assist in regulating blood-sugar levels and ensure a constant supply of glucose to the brain.
LJ. Take 6 to 12 grams of inositol daily in two or three doses. This substance is a building block for chemicals that cause nerve transmissions to activate brain cells. If you are taking a comprehensive program of supplemental nutrition for depression, 6 grams may be enough to produce a positive effect. Otherwise, take 12 grams.
J Take 300 milligrams of phosphatidylserine daily. |
| High concentrations of other metals, such as chromium, cobalt, and gold amplify the damage caused by antimony and mercury. These metals disable the mitochondria, which provide energy for cells. CoQ10 may partially compensate for heavy metal exposure. This supplement, known by its chemical name ubiquinone, improves the heart's energy efficiency. One Italian study found that an average dosage of 100 milligrams per day for three months reduced fluid retention and stopped palpitations in more than 70 percent of the people who took CoQ]0. |
| Ll If you have type 2 diabetes, or if you are overweight, take vitamin B and chromium. Insulin stimulates collagen production, which puts people with type 2 diabetes at risk for glaucoma. This is also true of people who are overweight, since being overweight often leads to excess insulin production. Vitamin B3 (niacin) counteracts insulin's effects on collagen. It is found in any complete B-vitamin tablet yielding at least the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of the vitamin daily. Do not take too much, since vitamin B3 aggravates glaucoma at daily dosages over 200 milligrams. |
| Chromium increases the sensitivity of the skin to insulin, which regulates growth processes.
Ll Expose affected skin to between fifteen and twenty minutes of morning or evening sunlight daily. The ultraviolet rays in sunlight help the skin synthesize vitamin D, which slows the cellular processes involved in the multiplication of skin cells. Any UV lamp that provides ultraviolet B (UVB) rays is also effective, as is application of vitamin D creams to the skin.
Ll Avoid alcohol. Alcohol is known to significantly worsen psoriasis by increasing absorption of toxins from the intestine. |
| Ll Take 200 to 400 micrograms of chromium per day. This mineral complements the B vitamins by allowing the eye's focusing muscles to use glucose more efficiently.
Ll Avoid steroid drugs of all kinds. These drugs can bring about glaucoma by destroying collagen structures within the eye. If you must take prescribed steroid drugs, ask your physician to prescribe the smallest effective dosage for the shortest time possible.
Ll Avoid all sources of caffeine, including coffee, green and black tea, cola, and over-the-counter medications for staying awake. |
| Burdock's chromium content also helps regulate blood-sugar levels.
Liver diseases. Burdock can heal a damaged liver and protect it from further damage. In as little as two weeks, symptoms from liver damage can improve.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR USE
Look for burdock-seed cereals, available as gobo or go-boshi, in Japanese groceries, and for burdock oil and tincture in health-food stores. Burdock root is sometimes labeled as "cut and sifted burdock root" or by its Latin name, Arctium lappa. Burdock also is available as a tea. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
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| The point is that when a supplement like chromium is omitted from the RDAs, it does not mean that it could not be of great benefit to millions of people. All it means is that the RDAs are hopelessly outdated.
If you eat a well-balanced diet, do you need to take supplements?
In an ideal world, everyone would be able to eat a "well-balanced" diet that would eliminate the need for supplements. We would carefully plan out each meal so that we would have just the right amount of each micronutrient. But we don't live in an ideal world. |
Paul Pitchford
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| The mineral supplement should contain at least calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, chromium, manganese, boron, and trace minerals. The minerals in "multivitamins" are usually insufficient for this purpose.
Individuals with a history of kidney stones should consult their physician before taking calcium supplements. If the diet is not improved while supplements are taken, noticeable changes may take place only very gradually over several years.8 The dietary and herbal remedies suggested in this chapter should initiate marked improvement within a few months.
5. |
Grace Ross Lewis
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| Note: The gem-stones ruby and sapphire are aluminum oxide colored by traces of chromium and cobalt in another form.
Synonyms: CAS 1344-28-1 ? ALUMINA ? ALUMITE ? ALUNDUM ? ACTIVATED ALUMINUM OXIDE ? ALUMINUM SESQUIOXIDE aluminum phosphate___
Products and Uses: Typically used in dental cements, cosmetics, paints and varnishes as a gelling agent, an antacid, and a cement component.
Precautions: These solutions are corrosive to tissue.
Synonyms: CAS 7784-30-7 ? ALUMINOPHOSPHORIC ACID ? ALUMINUM ACID PHOSPHATE ? ALUPHOS ? MONOALUMINUM PHOSPHATE ? |
James F. Balch, M.D.
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 It would seem, then, that many of the beneficial effects of exercise may be related directly to improved chromium metabolism.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma can exist in an acute or chronic condition. The acute condition is a true medical emergency with dramatic increased pressure within the eye (intraocular), usually confined to one side. There is associated tremendous throbbing pain in the eye with altered vision. The pupil becomes dilated and ultimately fixed unless the pressure is reduced. Nausea, vomiting, and just sys-temically feeling terrible are common symptoms. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
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 Like chromium, niacin (vitamin B3, or nicotinic acid), is an essential component of the glucose tolerance factor, making it a key nutrient for treating hypoglycemia and diabetes.46
Supplementing the diet of diabetics with vitamin B3 in the form of niacinamide has been shown to exert many favorable effects. Foremost is its possible application in preventing the development of Type I diabetes.47"50 Niacinamide, also called nicotinamide, has been shown to prevent the development of diabetes in experimental animals. |
| Salt bush is rich in fiber, protein, and numerous trace minerals, including chromium. The dosage used in the human studies was 3 grams per day.
Pterocarpus marsupium and Epicatechin-Containing Plants
Pterocarpus has a long history of use in India as a treatment for diabetes. The flavonoid epi-catechin, extracted from the bark of this plant, has been shown to prevent beta-cell damage in rats. Further, both epicatechin and a crude alcohol extract of Pterocarpus marsupium have been shown to actually regenerate functional pancreatic beta-cells in diabetic animals. |
James F. Balch, M.D.
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| Niacin and Niacinamide
Although not an antioxidant as such, niacin (vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid), like chromium, is an essential component of the glucose-tolerance factor. This makes it an essential nutrient in the treatment of blood sugar conditions, both diabetes and hypoglycemia. Supplementing the diabetic's diet with vitamin B3 has been shown to have many positive benefits (but take no more than 100 mg daily).
Vitamins B6 B15 and B12
Vitamin B6 (50 to 100 mg daily) supplementation also has significant protective effects against developing diabetic nerve disease, or neuropathy. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
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| It is possible, then, that many of the beneficial effects of exercise are directly related to improved chromium metabolism.
TREATMENT SUMMARY
Effective treatment of diabetes usually requires the careful integration of a wide range of therapies and a willingness on the part of patients to substantially improve their diet lifestyles. NIDDM usually results from many years of chronic metabolic insult; although it can be treated with the natural metabolic approach presented here, its ultimate resolution will take persistence. |
| However, by combining it with chromium and a thermogenic formula an even greater effect may be noted, because in addition to inhibiting the production of fat, there is likely to be an increase in the burning of fat.
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential compound required in the proper transport and breakdown of fat into energy. Clinical studies have shown that CoQ10 may help promote weight loss. For example, in one study coenzyme Q10 levels were found to be low in fifty-two percent (fourteen of twenty-seven) of overweight subjects tested. |
| Vitamin A: 50,000 IU per day (not to be used by pregnant or women at risk for pregnancy)
Vitamin E: 400 IU per day
Chromium: 400 meg per day
Selenium: 200 meg per day
Zinc: 30 mg per day
Water-soluble fiber (psyllium, pectin, guar gum, etc.): 5 g at bedtime
Botanical Medicines
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) The dosage should be based on berberine content. As there is a wide range of quality in goldenseal preparations, standardized extracts are preferred. |
| Some of the effects of exercise on blood sugar control may stem from the fact that exercise increases tissue chromium concentrations.42
TREATMENT SUMMARY
The primary treatment of hypoglycemia is the use of dietary therapy to stabilize blood sugar levels. Reactive hypoglycemia is not a disease; it is simply a complex set of symptoms caused by faulty carbohydrate metabolism induced by a diet too high in refined carbohydrates.
Diet
All simple, processed, and concentrated carbohydrates must be avoided, while the consumption of complex-carbohydrate, high-fiber foods should be emphasized. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
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 It's no surprise that numerous nutrients in abundance in ancient dietsfrom vitamins E, B6, C, and D to magnesium, chromium, calcium, and zincare low in the diets of people today who are at risk for developing diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and other chronic conditions. To compound the issue, air pollution, fried foods, pesticides, cigarette smoke, and chronic stress increase our exposure to free radicals to levels unprecedented in pre-agricultural times. Our natural defense systems are taxed like never before. |
Bill Gottlieb
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| Wright emphasizes, however, that this level of chromium supplementation must be taken only with the approval and under the supervision of a doctor or other health care professional who is experienced in the prescriptive use of supplements.
Jonathan Wright, M.D., a nutritionally oriented physician and director of the Tahoma Clinic in Kent, Washington. Here's what he suggests.
SUGAR AND REFINED FOODS: Cut Back
First, Dr. |
Gabriel Cousens, M.D.
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| Brewer's yeast is high in selenium, manganese, and chromium. The importance of iodine and kelp supplementation has already been discussed.
The most important vitamins are A, B-complex, C, D, and E (the whole first part of the alphabet). Vitamin A is a co-factor in the metabolism of EFAs and crucial for the development of vision and the enhancement of the immune system. According to Dr. |
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