Bill Gottlieb
See book keywords and concepts |
 He also says people with asthma may want to use the following nutritional regimen to help control the condition: 50 milligrams of vitamin Bg three times a day; 3,000 milligrams of vitamin C twice a day (he says to reduce the dose if diarrhea develops); 400 milligrams of magnesium aspartate twice a day; 500 milligrams of N-acetylcysteine twice a day; and 333 milligrams of quercetin twice a day. N-acetylcysteine and quercetin are available in most health food stores. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
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 Some flavonoids are valued pharmacologically for their anti-inflammatory activities (such as quercetin) or antihepatotoxic properties (for example, silybin).2 Certain isoflavonoids, such as genistein and daidzein, are phytoestrogens, while others are insecticidal or piscicidal. The anthocyanins have a clearly defined function in flowers and fruits in attracting pollinators and as seed dispersal agents. Many of these phenolic molecules are also effective antioxidants and free radical scavengers, especially the flavonoids. As discussed later, they are also the basis of most flower colors. |
| Studies have shown that quercetin inhibits the action of lipoxygenase on arachidonic acid, the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, and the generation of superoxide anion.
Phospholipid-Derived Inflammatory Mediators as Biological Targets
The level of free arachidonic acid at the site of inflammation is regulated by phospholipases, which hydrolyze phospholipids, but also by re-esterification catalyzed by acyl-CoA transferases. The released arachidonic acid may be metabolized oxidatively by several different enzymatic routes. |
| Growth-inhibitory effect of quercetin and presence of type-II estrogen-binding sites in human colon-cancer cell lines and primary colorectal tumors. International Journal of Cancer 1992; 50:486.
84. Kimura Y, Matsushita N, Okuda H. Effects of baicalein isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis on interleukin 1 beta- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1997 Jun; 57(l):63-67.
85. Kim, et al. Taraxacum officinale inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rat astrocytes. |
| It demonstrates many of the
Mentha piperita (peppermint)
Whole plant general actions of quercetin and other flavones and flavonols. (Please see chapter 9 for more information.)
Passiflora incarnata (passionflower)
Whole plant
Rutin has anti-inflammatory activity because of an ability
Pimpinella anisum (anise)
Seed to inhibit the action of the enzyme lipoxygenase. It is specifically recognized as a free radical scavenger and has
Rheum officinale (chinese rhubarb)
Root been used clinically against capillary fragility and vari-
Ruta graveolens (rue)
Whole plant cosities. |
Nicola Reavley
See book keywords and concepts |
 Quercetin-related compounds have been shown to inhibit cataract formation in diabetic animals. quercetin may also enhance insulin secretion and protect pancreatic cells from free radical damage.
Soy
Soy contains types of flavonoid compounds known as isoflavones. These are also referred to as phytoestrogens because they have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties. When circulating levels of estrogens are high, such as in premenopausal women, these compounds can bind to estrogen receptors and block action of the hormone. |
Earl L. Mindell, RPh, PhD with Virginia Hopkins, MA
See book keywords and concepts |
| What Else to Take While Taking These Drugs
Take 1,000 to 3,000 mg a day of the bioflavonoids quercetin and rutin.
GLAUCOMA DRUGS
Bimatoprost (Lumigan) Latanoprost (Xalatan) Travoprost (Travatan) Unoprostone Isopropyl (Rescula)
What Do They Do in the Body? These drugs resemble chemicals made in the body called prostaglandins. The body's natural prostaglandins increase the outflow of fluid from the eyeball, and these drugs enhance this effect.
What Are They Prescribed For?
Lowering of elevated intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or glaucoma. |
C. P. Khare
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 Aerial parts gave rutin, hyperin and quercetin glucoside. Leaves gave vitexin.
The plant exhibits antiscorbutic and leaf diuretic properties. The sour taste of Sorrel is due to the acid oxalate of potash. Tartaric and tannic acids are also present.
Use in Western herbal
Aerial parts of Rumex acetosa are used for acute and chronic inflammation of nasal passages and respiratory tract. Also used as an additional measure in antibacterial therapy and for its detoxifying effect. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
See book keywords and concepts |
| Flavonoids, such as quercetin, and procyanidins have been suggested as supplements.
The following supplements may be relevant adjuncts for the long-term treatment of periodontal disease.3
Vitamin C: 3 to 5 g/day Vitamin E: 400 to 800 IU/day Vitamin A: 20,000 IU/day Selenium: 400 meg/day Zinc picolinate: 30 mg/day Folic acid: 2 mg/day
ESOPHAGITIS AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus leading to localized infection. |
the Editors of PREVENTION
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 If after 6 weeks, you still don't see results, quercetin may not be effective for you, but if you find that it helps, it's safe to take it daily on an ongoing basis.
Quercetin is especially helpful for hay fever, says Dr. Catellani, and you can take it at the first sign of hay fever season or even a week before. The season can begin as early as January in the southern United States but generally lasts from February or March through October.
Anal Fissures
Uteres a homework assignment for you. Let's say your feet are size 10. Go out and buy size 4 socks, then go home and try to put one on. |
Patrick Holford
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 Nianzeng Xing, "Our laboratory results showed quercetin blocks the androgen activity in androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cells. By blocking the androgen activity," he continued, "the growth of prostate cancer cells can be prevented or stopped."
Sulforaphane: This is another of nature's great healers found in brassicas— broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, turnips, kale, and especially Broccolini. Originally, it was discovered to reduce risk of stomach cancer and stomach ulcers, but now we know this is mainly because sulforaphane is one of nature's best antibacterial compounds. |
Elson M. Haas, M.D.
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 Some of the important nutrients for healing the GI tract include the amino acid L-glutamine, pantothenic acid, zinc, vitamin A, antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium), the bioflavonoid quercetin, essential fatty acids, inulin, and fiber (particularly the soluble kind). Herbs such as aloe vera, licorice root, and marshmallow root also have positive healing effects on the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract. These nutrients play a key role in GI mucosal cell differentiation, growth, function, and repair. |
David Hoffman, FNIMH, AHG
See book keywords and concepts |
| Antiulcer and gastroprotective effects of quercetin: a gross and histologic study. Pharmacology 1994; 48:56-62.
74. Haslam E, Lilley TH. Interactions of natural phenols with macromolecules. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1986; 213:53-65.
75. Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, et al. Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: importance of their interaction with biomembranes. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1995; 19(4):481-6.
76. Facino RM, et al. Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action. |
Ronald L. Hoffman, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Bioflavonoids, including quercetin and Ginkgo biloba, may quench inflammation naturally. Recommended dosages: Ginkgo biloba, 60 milligrams of the 24 percent standardized preparation three times daily; quercetin, 100 milligrams three times daily.
By eating healthier diets and taking the appropriate supplements, we can prevent or halt many gastrointestinal illnesses. |
| Designer drugs have been tested, but they are not as effective as quercetin and have not been approved by the FDA. quercetin, a natural agent, is the best we have at this time.
Some supposedly conservative doctors still maintain that the benefits of antioxidants have not been definitively proved, and they don't recommend taking these supplements. They have been further stirred up by the one or two limited studies of high-risk patients who weren't helped by beta-carotene alone, even as they continued to smoke. |
Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.
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 Two of the flavanone substances are of particular interest, quercetin and hesperidin. Both have been shown to be significant inhibitors of the eicosanoid generating enzyme delta lipoxygenase.44 quercetin was found to be a potent and prolonged inhibitor of proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolism. Hesperidin, at higher concentrations, was found to inhibit the enzyme, phospholipase A2, responsible for the release of arachidonic acid. |
Earl L. Mindell, RPh, PhD with Virginia Hopkins, MA
See book keywords and concepts |
| If you have an eye disease, or are at risk for one, please supplement your daily vitamins with the following:
• Vitamin C, at least 1,000 mg a day, with bioflavonoids
• A mixed carotenoid supplement
• Vitamin E, 400 IU
• Vitamin A, 10,000 IU a day
• quercetin and rutin are bioflavonoids that help keep your retinas healthy; try 1,000 to 1,500 mgaday. |
C. P. Khare
See book keywords and concepts |
| Stamens gave quercetin diglycoside and sitosterol.
A glucoalkaloid named solanocarpine is found in the fruits. Solanocarpidine and a sterol known as carpesterol are also present. Potassium nitrate, a fatty acid, a resinous and phenolic substance, diosgenin and sitosterol are present.
The glucoalkaloid content of fruits collected from the plants growing in Jammu & Kashmir in reported to be 3.5 % (total alkaloid 1.1 %).
The leaves, roots and fruits yielded coumarins, scopolin, esculin and esculetin. |
Bill Gottlieb
See book keywords and concepts |
 He advises taking 100 milligrams of quercetin three times a day. He recommends that you take quercetin for up to 6 months, especially during allergy season.
The Physician Who Healed Himself
The doctor almost died of asthma.
Richard Firshein, D.O., had just left the emergency room, where he had gone after his medicated spray failed to stop an asthma attack. The doctors had stabilized his condition and released him. He was standing on a corner outside the hospital when a bus stopped in front of him and spewed exhaust in his face. He took a breath—and stopped breathing. |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
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 I have used quercetin in atopy, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma. Interestingly, guercitin has been shown to have anticarcinogenic effects.29 quercetin is abundant in the brassica family of vegetables as well as herbs such as ginkgo and elderberry. This may explain in part ginkgo's therapeutic effects. Many bioflavonoids have also shown to have antiviral effects as well.
* * chapter 8
Arthritis and How to Keep Your Pet Moving
The most common form of arthritis in pets is osteoarthritis, which is also called degenerative joint disease. |
Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson
See book keywords and concepts |
 These include schaftoside, isoschaftoside, orientin, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, rutin, saponaretin and saponarin. Alkaloids of the harman type are present in low amounts (the presence of harmine, harmaline, harmol and harmalol has been disputed) as well as p-carbolines. 8-Pyrone derivatives, including maltol and ethylmaltol, sterols, sugars and gums are present but their relevance to the activity is not known. P. edulis contains similar types of compounds and cycloartane triterpenoids such as the cyclopassifloic acids and cyclopassiflosides. |
| Constituents
The flowers contain volatile oil (linalool, germacrene, geraniol, 1,8-cineole, 2-phenyl ethanol and others), flavonoids (hesperidin, quercetin, astralagin, tiliroside), a mucilage of arabinose, galactose and rhamnose polysaccharides, polyphenolics such as chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and GABA (y-aminobenzoic acid).
Pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy
Linden flowers are used for feverish colds, catarrh, coughs and influenza. They are used as herbal teas to induce diaphoresis (perspiration) like elder and at a similar dose (see above). |
| Foods rich in this group have therefore been proposed to be important in ameliorating diseases such as cancer and heart disease (which can be worsened by oxidation of low-density lipoprotein); quercetin (Fig. 6.25), a flavonoid present in many foodstuffs, is a strong antioxidant. Components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), in particular silybin (Fig. 6.25), are antihepatotoxins; extracts of milk thistle are generally known as silymarin and used to reduce the effects of poisoning by fungi of the genus Amanita, which produces the deadly peptide toxins the amanitins. |
| Consequently, HPLC and GC methods are paramount for the quantification of lead substances:
• HPLC is used for the determination of the three aglycones quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin (after hydrolysis of the glycosides).
• GC is used for the quantification of the terpene lactones.
No single method gives all the results required, thus complex analyses are required.
OTHER EXTRACTS
Passiflorae herba (passion flower)
Passion flower herb (Passiflorae herba, Passiflora incar-nata L.) is used as a mild phytomedicine in chronic fatigue syndrome, nervousness and anxiety. |
| Leukotriene antagonists have recently been introduced for asthma therapy, and although no plant products are yet in use there are a number of natural compounds (e.g. quercetin) with this property and they may become available in the future. Cough suppressants are very popular although there is some controversy as to whether they are clinically effective. The most important antitussives are codeine and other opiate derivatives obtained from the opium poppy.
BRONCHODILATORS AND DECONGESTANTS
SYSTEMIC DRUGS
Ma huang, Ephedra spp.
The plant and the drug
Ma huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Although everyone can benefit from quercetin, people with allergies and inflammatory conditions should be vigilant about getting enough of this bioflavonoid. If you don't eat an onion or two daily, take quercetin supplements.
Possible Benefits
Strengthens capillaries, promotes good circulation. Is a powerful anticancer compound. Is a natural anti-inflammatory agent. Can relieve allergic symptoms.
The Right Amount
Take one 400-mg. capsule before each meal.
Red Wine Polyphenols
It's been called the French Paradox. |
Andrew Pengelly
See book keywords and concepts |
 This protection also occurs with the flavonoids quercetin and taxifolin. Silymarin causes hepatic regeneration and increases hepatic glutathione in vivo.
Enzyme inhibitors
The presence of numerous aromatic hydroxyl groups on flavonoids enables them to easily attach to enzyme surfaces averting potent inhibition of some enzyme systems in humans (Miller 1973). Examples include:
1. Aldose reductase—causes diabetic cataracts. Quercetrin is regarded as a very potent inhibitor of this enzyme. |
| Nomilin in citrus induces glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which aids in detoxification of carcinogens. quercetin inhibits cytotoxic
T lymphocytes in vitro. In vitro studies also suggest flavonoids such as tangeretin and nobiletin from citrus fruits may inhibit mutagenesis produced by mutagens from cooked food, thereby playing a role in prevention of carcinogenesis (Calomme et al. 1996).
Animal studies show many flavonoids protect liver cells from damage induced by toxins such as carbon tetrachloride. |
Judith Wills
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 Studies have linked high quercetin intake with lower risk of heart disease. quercetin may also help to prevent eye cataracts and hay fever as it has antihistamine properties.
Green tea (the unfermented form of black tea) contains catechins, the antioxidant effects of which may include the slowing down of the aging process as well as protecting the circulatory system from damage. |
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