Quercetin

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The reason wine seems to offer superior protection is that it contains powerful flavonoids such as quercetin. Along with other potentially protective compounds like resveratrol, it apparently helps prevent the body's dangerous LDL cholesterol from oxidizing. This, in turn, makes LDL cholesterol less likely to stick to artery walls, causing them to become blocked and to harden. "Flavonoids in red wine are more powerful than vitamin E, which everyone knows is an important antioxidant," says John D. Folts, Ph.D.

It's All in the Skin Even though many people favor the flesh, much of an apple's healing power resides in the skin, which contains large amounts—about 4 milligrams— of a compound called quercetin. Like vitamin C and beta-carotene, this is an antioxidant compound that can help prevent harmful oxygen molecules from damaging individual cells. Over time, this can help prevent changes in the cells In the Kitchen There are 2,500 kinds of apples in the United States alone. Even if you can't sample all of the world's apples, you can try some of the more notable varieties. Here are a few to look for.

Makes 6 servings Cook's Note: Although you can make this recipe with peeled apples, leaving the peels on ensures that you get more fiber as well as the beneficial antioxidant quercetin. Apricots A Bounty of Beta-Carptene Heaung Powefv Can help: Protect the eyes Prevent heart disease A, it one time, Chinese brides nibbled on apricots to increase fertility. It sounds funny today, until you realize that these fruits are, in fact, high in a mineral needed for the production of sex hormones. These days, of course, few people are likely to rely on apricots to influence family size.

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Cruciferous vegetables also have indoles, which can inactivate potentially damaging estrogens, and quercetin, which energizes the liver and spleen. 4. Royal Jelly Royal jelly is a miracle food brought to us by bees. Specifically, it is secreted from the throat glands of nurse bees between the sixth and twelfth day of their life. A combination of honey and pollen gives the substance a thick, creamy texture. Royal jelly is rich in B vitamins, and contains high proportions of two crucial elements: pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and acetylcholine.

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In part, this may be because researchers have concentrated on the major flavonoids, like quercetin, rather than on some of their lesser-known kin. It appears that some flavonoids, like silymarin and tangeretin, which is found beneath the rind of oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits, may, in fact, play a role in preventing cancer. In studies on mice, for example, researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland found that, when applied to the skin, silymarin was able to stop tumors from forming.

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PHYTOSTEROLS Root 120—442 ppm POTASSIUM Leaf 5,300—42,256 ppm POTASSIUM Root 1,970—15,740 ppm PROLINE Root 710—2,840 ppm PROTEIN Root 10,000—65,982 ppm PUFA Root 1,320—4,860 ppm quercetin Root RIBOFLAVIN Root 0.3—7 ppm SCOPOLIN Root SERINE Root 850—3,400 ppm SFA Root 640—2,356 ppm SKIMMINE Root SODIUM Root 10—1,229 ppm SQUALENE Root STARCH Root 118,000—201,000 ppm STEARIC ACID Root 60—221 ppm SUGAR Root 23,800—97,000 ppm SULFUR Root 130—610 ppm THIAMIN Root 0.6—5.

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The active hypoglycemic principle in onions is believed to be allyl propyl disulphide (APDS), although other constituents, such as quercetin and anthocyanidins, may play a significant role as well. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that APDS lowers glucose by competing with insulin (also a disulfide) for degradation sites, thereby increasing the half-life of insulin. Other mechanisms, such as increased hepatic metabolism of glucose or increased insulin secretion, have been proposed. Anti-asthmatic action Onion has historically been used as an anti-asthmatic agent.2

PHARMACOLOGY Antiviral and immune-stimulatory effects Many flavonoids have been shown to possess antiviral activity, with quercetin being perhaps the most effective. Catechin has, however, been shown to inhibit infectivity by human viruses (e.g. polio virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory synctial virus, and herpes simplex type l).3 This appears to be due to a direct flavonoid virus interaction. Perhaps more important, however, are its immune stimulation properties.

The total flavonoid content (calculated as quercetin) for E. angustifolia and E. purpurea was 0.48 and 0.38% respectively.2,3,9,10 Caffeic acid derivatives Caffeic acid serves as the backbone for a number of important medicinal plant compounds in other plants as well as Echinacea sp. (see Fig. 82.1). The first compound believed to be unique to Echinacea was echinacoside, a compound eventually shown to be composed of caffeic acid, a caffeic acid derivative (similar to catechol), glucose, and rhamnose, all attached to a central glucose molecule (see Figs 82.2 and 82.3).

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The product I use contains 400 mg of quercetin, mixed with the enzyme bromelain to help enhance its absorption. Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba extract comes from the leaf of the ancient tree of the same name. The extract contains terpene substances, known as ginkgolides and bilobalides, which improve circulation to the brain in patients with hardening of the arteries. This increases the oxygen supply and availability of other nutrients to the brain and results in generally improved central nervous system function.

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Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 1210-1216 Flavonoids - quercetin, citrus flavonoids, and HERs (hydroxyethylrutosides) Michael T. Murray, ND Joseph E. Pizzorno Jr, ND INTRODUCTION The flavonoids are a group of plant pigments that are largely responsible for the colors of many fruits and flowers. Recent research suggests that flavonoids may be useful in the treatment and prevention of many health conditions. In fact, many of the medicinal actions of foods, juices, herbs, and bee pollen are now known to be directly related to their flavonoid content.

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Some of the most recently available dietary supplements, such as quercetin, ginkgo extract, proanthocyanidins, and bilberry, contain substances in the bioflavonoid family. Lutein is a flavonoid that has recently become available as a supplement and helps prevent macular degeneration. Some of the flavonoids are not yet available as supplements, once again calling attention to the importance of eating a healthy, whole-foods diet. Genistein is an "isoflavonoid," found in soy products, that decreases the spread of tumors.

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In this context, quercetin at typical dietary levels appears to be a possible anticarcinogen.154 3. Vitamin E can exacerbate hypertension in susceptible people. High levels may antagonize other fat-soluble vitamins, thus decreasing bone mineralization. It may be contraindicated for patients receiving anticoagulants or for those with a vitamin K deficiency.155 4. Large amounts of vitamin C rarely increase oxalate production; the effects seems to be counterbalanced by increased vitamin B6.156 5. Excessive iron and iron overload may cause hydroxyl radical production in vivo.157 6.

Effect of quercetin on serine / threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine: biochemical, pharmacological, and structure—activity relationships. New York: Alan R Liss. 1986: p 315-318 54. Selway JWT. Antiviral activity of flavones and flavins. Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine: biochemical, pharmacological, and structure-activity relationships. New York: Alan R Liss. 1986: p 521-536 55. Ball EG. Studies on oxidation-reduction. XXII. Lapachol, Lomatiol, and related compounds. J Biol Chem 1936; 114: 649-655 Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) Michael T.

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Orange and grapefruits are effective inhibitors of human breast-cancer cell proliferation, especially in the presence of quercetin, which is widely distributed in many other foods. Have one to two servings of citrus fruits each day. TABLE 5.4 Soy Protein Sources Soy Source Protein (Grams) IsofloYones (Milligrams) Soy cocktail (1 serving) 40 30-40 Soy flour (1 ounce) 10-14 30-40 Soy meat replacer (3.5 ounces)* 17 0-15 Soy milk (1 cup) 4-10 10-30 Tofu (4 ounces) 8-13 30-40 *Many manufacturers of soy meat replacers (e.g.

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Effects of the Phytochemicals, Curcumin and quercetin, Upon Azoxymethane Induced Colon Cancer and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced Mammary Cancer in Rats," Carcinogenesis, 17(6), June 1996, p. 1305-1311. Results of this study showed that curcumin had inhibitory effects on TPA-induced tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated mouse skin. —M.T. Huang, et al., "Effects of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin on 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- Acetate-induced Tumor Promotion," Carcinogenesis, 16(10), October 1995, p. 2493-2497.

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Role of cyclic AMP in the inhibition of human platelet aggregation by quercetin, a flavonoid that potentiates the effect of prostacyclin. Biochem Pharm 1981; 31: 3597-3600 27. Amellal M, Bronner C, Brincon F et al. Inhibition of mast cell histamine release by flavonoids and bioflavonoids. Planta Med 1985; 51: 16-20 28. David TJ. Serum levels of trace metals in children with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 1990; 122: 485-489 29. Koltai M, Hosford D, Guinot P et al. Platelet activating factor (PAF). A review of its effects, antagonists and possible future clinical implications (Part I).

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Deschner, et al.,' 'Quercetin and Rutin as Inhibitors of Azoxymethanol-induced Colonic Neoplasia," Carcinogenesis, 12(7), July 1991, p. 1193-1196. Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease Results of this study found that rutin delayed the development of hypercholesterinemia and peroxidation syndrome as well aortal atherosclerotic affection in rabbits. —O.N. Voskresenskii, et al., [Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Rutin on the Development of Experimental Peroxide Atherosclerosis], Farmakol Toksikol, 42(4), July-August 1979, p. 378-382.

Effects of the Phytochemicals, Curcumin and quercetin, Upon Azoxymethane Induced Colon Cancer and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced Mammary Cancer in Rats," Carcinogenesis, 17(6), June 1996, p. 1305-1311. Results of this study showed that curcumin had inhibitory effects on TPA-induced tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated mouse skin. —M.T. Huang, et al., "Effects of Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin on 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- Acetate-induced Tumor Promotion," Carcinogenesis, 16(10), October 1995, p. 2493-2497.

Inhibition of the Skin Tumorigenicity of (+/-)-7 beta,8 Alpha- Dihy-droxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene by Tannic Acid, Green Tea Polyphenols and quercetin in Senear Mice," Cancer Letters, 42(1-2), September-October 1988, p. 7-12. This study examined the effects of natural antioxidants on chemical-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in rats. Results showed significantly higher survival rates in the rats treated with antioxidants relative to those on a basal diet only. Those administered green tea experienced a survival rate of 93.8%.

When combined with ascorbic acid (2 micrograms/ml), fisetin and quercetin (2 micrograms/ ml of either) impaired cell growth in 72 hours significantly. Ascorbic acid administered alone had no effect, nor did it when in combination with flavone. —C. Kandaswami, et al., "Ascorbic Acid-enhanced Antiproliferative Effect of Flavonoids on Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro," Anticancer Drugs, 4(1), February 1993, p. 91-96.

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Flavonoids like quercetin may also be the key to understanding the so-called French Paradox—the fact that the croissant- and pate-loving French have one-third the heart attack rate of Americans, despite the fact that they eat more saturated fat. "It could be the flavonoids in the wine that the French drink," Dr. Folts says. "And our research has found that you don't have to drink wine to get the benefits. Grape juice works, too." How much grape juice? "It takes about three glasses to get the effects of one glass of red wine," Dr. Folts says.

In the wine rack, flavonoids enter the picture in the form of quercetin. This antioxidant, found in all red wine, is as active as the well-known antioxidant vitamin E, and perhaps even more so, says long-time flavonoid researcher Elliot Middleton, Jr., M.D., professor of medicine and pediatrics at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Flavonoids also activate enzymes that actually neutralize cancer-causing substances, say experts.

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Many vitamin C formulas contain bioflavonoids, particularly rutin and hesperidin. quercetin is available in various strengths; supplementation of 100-250 mg. three times daily is probably an effective level. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) SOD is a very interesting enzyme nutrient. In our body, it is usually coupled with zinc, copper, or manganese, and it acts within the cell to prevent oxygen free-radical damage.

Vitamin P includes a number of components that work together—citrin, hes-peridin, rutin, flavones, flavonals, and cat-echin and quercetin, which will also be discussed in Chapter 7, Accessory Nutrients. Their association with vitamin C is the reason that natural forms of vitamin C are more effective than are synthetic ascorbic acids without the bioflavonoids in the equivalent amounts. Vitamin P was first discovered in 1936 by Soviet scientist Dr. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, who found it within the white of the rind in citrus fruits.

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E (alpha-tocopherol acetate or succinate) 6 cc DMAE in orange juice daily whey Total dry cereal occasional bioflavinoids (rutin, quercetin); Q10 1 mg melatonin at bedtime 300 mg x 2 milk of magnesia tablets 200 mg pyridoxine HOL 5 mg riboflavin almonds for magnesium Brian Rothstein, D.O. (Baltimore, Maryland) is a graduate of the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences in Des Moines, Iowa. He is the medical director of the Rothstein Center for Health and Healing, which provides the largest chelation preventive medicine facility in Maryland.

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An antiinflammatory effect was demonstrated by topical administration of standardized chamomile extract, the flavone fraction and isolated flavones (apigenin, luteolin and quercetin) in experimental dermatitis (croton oil in mouse ear). The lipophilic flavone fraction demonstrated stronger activity than the total chamomile extract. The action of apigenin was superior to that of the reference drugs indomethacin and phenylbutazone.23 The antiinflammatory efficacy of topical compounds was measured directly and objectively on the skin of healthy volunteers using the tesa-film stripping technique.

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Sources for quercetin include fruits, vegetables (especially red onions), and cereal grains. Radiation therapy A cancer therapy that uses high-energy X-rays and gamma rays to damage the DNA of tumors and impede their growth. Radiation therapy is a routine procedure for many cancers treated in the early stages like breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease. Unfortunately it also causes widespread damage to adjacent healthy tissues, and thereby increases the risk of further cancer. Radiolytic products Sterilizing food by the action of X-rays or irradiation forms new products (radiolytic).

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Japanese Hawaiians who regularly eat lots of garlic and onions suffer lower rates of colorectal cancer than those who don't eat garlic. • quercetin, a flavonol found in onions, reduced the risk of heart attacks in Welsh men who consumed onions more than twice a week. PYRAMID LEVEL SIX: FRIENDLY FATS Fat phobia has gripped the nation. Fat, say the food police, is the reason why seven of 10 Americans are overweight and have such high rates of cancer and heart disease. The total calories we eat each day, not fat calories per se, is the reason why more Americans are fat than thin.

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Chemicals called flavonoids (mostly hyperoside and quercetin) apparently account for the diuretic effect. If you can find birch leaf tincture, Commission E suggests taking two to three grams (about a teaspoon) several times a day. If you have a birch tree, you can make your own tincture by putting two teaspoons of bark in a cup of vodka and letting it steep for a couple of days. I prefer a tea made from cherry birch bark, which you can make by adding a handful of bark to a cup or two of boiling water. V Buchu (Agathosma betulina).

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