| Brevail assuredly provides 50 mg of lignans extracted from flaxseed whereas the lignan content of flaxseeds themselves can vary considerably. The omega-3 and IP6 phytate content of this product is currently unknown and the product may be more appropriate for women dealing with symptoms of PMS or the onset of menopause than for breast cancer itself. Many women have reported improved well-being, stronger nails, more interest in midlife bedroom activity, and fewer menopausal symptoms using Brevail. | | J Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism 77: 1215-19, 1993] Since testosterone drives sexual interest in females (as it does in males), this means that flaxseed lignans may increase women's desire for sexual activity.
While virtually all the studies concerning flaxseed and health involved the provision of whole flaxseed, the emphasis has been solely upon its phytoestrogen lignan content. Yet it is apparent that flaxseed exhibits unusual health benefits not observed in other herbal phytoestrogens such as red clover or black cohosh. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  LITERATURE
Feliciano AS, Del Corral JMM, Gordaliza M, Castro A, Acid and phenolic lignans from Juniperus sabina. In: PH 30: 3483-3485. 1991.
Fournier G et al., PM 57:392-393. 1991. Fournier G et al., Pharm Belg 45:293. 1990. Hartwell, JL et al. (1953) J Chem Soc 75: 235. Further information in:
Frohne D, Pfander HJ, Giftpflanzen - Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker, Toxikologen und Biologen, 4. Aufl., Wiss. Verlags-Ges. Stuttgart 1997.
Hansel R, Keller K, Rimpler H, Schneider G (Hrsg.), Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5. Aufl. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Adding to the evidence, urinary excretion of lignans has been found to be lower in nonvegetarians and in postmenopausal women with breast cancer as compared with healthy women.4345
Foods for Bone Health. Several dietary factors affect bone health and are involved in the development of osteoporosis: insufficient calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, low calcium and high phosphorus intake, low fatty acid intake, insufficient dark leafy greens, a high-protein diet, excess salt intake, and excess alcohol. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts |  PROSTATE CANCER: lignans, a fiber compound found in flax, slowed tumor growth in prostate and breast cancer patients.
BREAST CANCER: A mouse study showed that flaxseed may enhance the effectiveness of the cancer drug tamoxifen in halting the growth of breast cancer. Women with high levels of enterolactone (a weak phytoestrogen), linked to high lignan intake from foods like flax, have been shown to experience a fifty-eight percent reduction of breast cancer risk. |
Bottom Line Health
See book keywords and concepts | | Ground flaxseed contains lignans, which seem to modulate fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels. Aim for two tablespoons a day. Ground flaxseed has a pleasant nutty flavor—sprinkle it on cereal, yogurt and salads.
Bonus: Flaxseed reduces cholesterol, helps prevent certain cancers and relieves constipation (be sure to drink plenty of water).
•Eat soy foods in moderation. Some countries that have diets containing large amounts of soy report low rates of menopausal symptoms and breast cancer. But I'm cautious about soy. | | These seasonings contain very small amounts of phytoestrogens (plant-based estrogens, such as lignans and isoflavones, that occur naturally in certain foods) and can help restore hormone balance.
•Cut down on caffeine. Caffeine stimulates the adrenal glands, leading to a spike in blood sugar levels followed by a plunge in blood sugar to levels even lower than before. This stresses the body and aggravates menopausal woes.
If you don't want to give up coffee completely, have one cup a day with food. Don't use coffee as a stimulant between meals. Instead, eat frequent small meals for energy. |
Marshall Editions
See book keywords and concepts |  Skullcap's active constituents are antioxidant flavonoids, which are thought to induce brain-calming neurotransmitters, essential oils, lignans, and tannins, which give skullcap its astringent quality. Drink an infusion made from 1 tbsp of the aerial parts steeped 1 cup of water, take 3 ml of tincture, or take 1-2 g in capsule form up to three times daily. Large amounts of skullcap may cause drowsiness and should not be taken when driving or operating heavy machinery.
Passionflower: This herb relieves restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, and spasm within the muscles. |
Brigitte Mars, A.H.G.
See book keywords and concepts |  Constituents
Flavonoids, vitamin E, lignans, polysaccharides, arachic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid
Energetic Correspondences
• Flavor: pungent, bitter
• Temperature: warm
• Moisture: moist
• Polarity: yang
• Planet: Sun/Saturn
• Element: fire
Contraindications
Avoid the flowers during pregnancy. The seeds should also be avoided; however, the purified seed oil is regarded as safe. Safflower is contraindicated in cases of peptic ulcer or hemorrhagic disorders. |
Marshall Editions
See book keywords and concepts | | Diets that are high in lignans (found in flaxseed and soy), fiber, and whole grains, low in fat, and free from processed foods and dairy products seem to alleviate symptoms.
Supplements: Supplements that have shown promise in helping PMS are magnesium aspartate dosed at 400 mg daily, calcium hydroxyapetite at 1,500 mg daily, and vitamin B6 at 50 mg daily. Chaste tree (which should not be used if you are trying to become* pregnant), rhodolia root, licorice, ground flaxseed, and St. John's wort can also help tc relieve symptoms. | | Eyebright: The iridoids, flavonoids, and lignans in eyebright impart astringent, expectorant, decongestant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Eyebright decreases profuse discharge, especially from the nasal and sinus passages. Infuse 3 g per cup of water, or take 3 ml of tincture three times daily.
Buckhorn plantain: This soothes the mucous membranes, while alleviating congestion and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Buckhorn plantain is useful in treating allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, coughs, colds, flu, and fever. |
Bryan Hanson, PhD
See book keywords and concepts |  Although many lignans have been discovered, few have found clinical use. A medicinally interesting example is the molecule podophyllotoxin (see Figure 4.28), isolated from the root of may apple (also called American mandrake or Podophyllum peltatum). This plant has been used historically by Native Americans for purging and in some cases as a poison. Its current use is for the external treatment of venereal warts caused by the papilloma virus; podophyllotoxin interrupts cell division very effectively and in fact is highly active against most viruses. Such an action
Lignans
HO
FIGURE 4.27. | | Lignans. suggests a possible use as an anticancer agent. Podophyllotoxin proved to have too many side effects, but slight modifications of its structure in the lab have led to several potent compounds that are useful for specific types of cancers.21
Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic compounds is a frequently encountered term that applies to any molecule containing an aromatic ring with an alcohol on it (the simplest example, C6H5OH, is called phenol). Flavonoids, anthocyanidins, tannins, and lignans mentioned elsewhere in this chapter fall into this category. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts | | Sesamin is one of the major precursors of mammalian lignans in sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) as observed in vitro and in rats./ Nutr. 2006 Apr;136(4):906-912.
Miyahara Y, Hibasami H, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Komiya T. Sesamolin from sesame seed inhibits proliferation by inducing apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. Int J Mol Med. 2001 Apr;7(4):369-371.
Noguchi T, Ikeda K, Sasaki Y, Yamamoto J, Yamori Y. Effects of vitamin E and sesamin on hypertension and cerebral thrombogenesis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. | | Sesame seeds are a rich source of lignans that may fight many hormon-ally driven cancers, particularly breast and prostate. Sesame seed and wheat germ are ranked highest in phytosterols. Pistachios and sesame seeds are the richest nut and seed sources of phytosterols, thought to fight heart disease and help reduce benign prostatic hyperplasia (swollen prostate).
Home Remedies
ACHES AND PAINS: Mix the juice of grated fresh ginger with an equal amount of sesame oil, dip a cotton linen into the mix, and briskly rub into the skin of the affected area. | | Brown rice is rich in lignans, phytoestrogens, and phenolic compounds that are high in antioxidant activity. Whole grain brown rice contains important nutrients such as thiamine, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, iron, riboflavin, and five times the fiber of white rice. The germ provides natural vitamin E. The bran of rice contains the phytochemicals that may reduce cholesterol.
Home Remedies
Japanese farmers ate mochi, a chewy cake made from brown rice, on cold winter days to increase their stamina.
Throw Me a Lifesaver! |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
See book keywords and concepts |  Animal studies show that sesame lignans enhance the burning of fat by increasing the activity of several liver enzymes that actually break down fatty acids. (That research did sesame seed powder taken daily for five weeks by twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women improved total cholesterol, LDL ("bad") cholesterol, cholesterol ratio, and antioxidant status. The researchers noted some improvements in sex hormone status as well and suggested a benefit of sesame for postmenopausal women. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN
See book keywords and concepts | | Buckwheat has lignans, such as entero-lactone, which may protect against breast cancer and heart disease. It contains the beneficial antioxidants vitamin E, tocotrienols, selenium, phenolic acids, and phytic acid.
Home Remedies
The Chinese Army feeds buckwheat to its soldiers because they believe it gives them more strength and stamina. The Hopi Indians gave their women an infusion of the whole buckwheat plant to stop bleeding after giving birth.
Throw Me a Lifesaver! |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
See book keywords and concepts | | Also loaded with lignans, which help naturally balance hormones.
9. Arugula: Loaded with minerals and antioxidants. Delicious cruciferous vegetable that helps protect us against toxins, especially xenohormones (hormone disruptors in pesticides, plastics, pollution, etc.), and helps us detoxify. Protects us against cancer. Loaded with indole-3-carbinol. Tastes great raw or cooked.
10. Buckwheat: Delicious, versatile seed that can be used instead of wheat or other gluten-containing grains. Great as a side dish, or for use in making waffles, pancakes, or pasta. |
C. W. Randolph, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  The friendly bacteria in our intestines convert plant lignans into a substance that has a weak estrogen-like activity. When there are low estrogen levels in your body, these weak lignan estrogens make up for some of the deficiency. When the body is estrogen dominant, however, these lignan estrogens bind to your body's estrogen receptors, thereby reducing human estrogen activity at a cellular level.
You can get your daily lignan benefit by adding the above mentioned foods to smoothies, yogurt, or salads. | | Unlike lignans, which attach to estrogen and help to reduce estrogen overload through excretion, soy products actually have the potential to compound the problem.
Consumed in moderation, soy products can be healthy food choices for some people. Nevertheless, for the overweight woman or man with a preexisting condition of estrogen dominance, eating too much soy can compound an underlying hormone imbalance. Also, nutritional researchers have identified that in some cases soy products act as a potent antithyroid agent, suppressing thyroid function and causing or worsening hypothyroidism. | | THE NON-NEGOTIABLE FOOD LIST: FOODS THAT REDUCE ESTROGEN DOMINANCE
The stars of the nutritional component of the plan are cruciferous vegetables, citrus fruits, insoluble fiber, and lignans,
25 because these foods function within your body to reduce an unhealthy estrogen load.
/ EAT 2-3 SERVINGS PER DAY.
Cruciferous vegetables are a critical part of your success on this plan. |
Wendy Bazilian, DRPH, MA, RD, Steven Pratt, MD, Kathy Matthews
See book keywords and concepts |  And those fortifications don't include important phytochem-icals like lignans, phenolic acids, phytoestrogens, and other key nutrients.
Refined white flour products have no place in your SuperFoods weight loss plan. You'll find it in the flour sack you've got in the pantry and in many common foods like cookies, crackers, baked goods, doughnuts, and so on. You'll be delighted to find that these days there are excellent tasty alternatives to products containing refined white flour. |
Dianne Onstad
See book keywords and concepts |  Intestinal bacteria convert plant lignans into entetolactone and enterodiol. These hormonelike substances produce a number of protective effects against breast cancer. lignans are also found in many other seeds, grains, and legumes. Studies show that omnivorous women with breast cancer typically excrete much lower levels of lignans in their urine than do vegetarian women.
BYPRODUCTS
Fresh flaxseed oil is known for its rich golden color, delicate nutty taste, and ease of digestion. |
Steven V. Joyal
See book keywords and concepts |  He reviewed the supplements that could help him change these figures and chose high-quality omega-3 fatty acids in the form of a fish oil, olive fruit, and sesame lignans proprietary product. After taking the fish oil supplement for five months, his triglyceride level dropped to 128 mg/dL and his HDL improved to 79 mg/ dL, reflecting a remarkable 46 percent decrease in triglycerides and a 40 percent improvement in HDL. Larry continues to take the fish oil supplement and maintain good glucose control and an impressive Hb A reading. |
Tori Hudson, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Eat a healthy whole foods diet rich in green, yellow, orange vegetables and lignans.
• Use folic acid supplementation if using oral contraceptives.
• HIV-positive women and women who are immunosuppressed because of kidney dialysis or immunosuppressive medications are at higher risk for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer and need more frequent screening.
• Consider contraceptive options other than oral contraceptives. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
See book keywords and concepts | | Sesame lignans also help reduce cholesterol. In a study published in the Journal of Lipid Research, sesamin lowered both serum (blood) and liver cholesterol levels. The researchers suggested that sesamin deserves further study as a "possible hypocholesterolemic agent of natural origin." In a recent study in the Journal of Nutrition, 50 g of
Sesame Seeds Can Help Burn Fat
The point is, these plant chemicals of the lignan family are very good for you indeed. |
Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | The beneficial effect in micturition complaints following prostate hypertrophy due to the content of zinc lignans in the drag could be significant. |
Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
See book keywords and concepts | | Because the lignans in flax are actually phytoestrogens (weak estrogenic compounds from plants), they may help relieve menopausal symptoms. In fact, in one study, flaxseed was as effective as hormone replacement therapy in reducing mild menopausal symptoms in menopausal women.
WORTH NOTING
Some high-quality flaxseed oils have been specially designed to have a high lignan content. Look for those. And remember, never cook with the oil, just keep it in the fridge and either take it as a supplement or use it on salads or already-cooked vegetables. | | I still believe that —but the omega-3 fatty acid in flaxseeds and flaxseed oil does have health benefits of its own, and the lignans add enough value to make it worth recommending that you take both.
O
T—
Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil (hemp oil) is another of the lesser-known oils that deserves a closer look.
First things first: Don't confuse this ^ nutritious, amazing oil with marijuana. It's not "pot." True, they come from the same plant originally, but so do linens, fiber, rope, and tablecloths. In fact, the word "canvas" is derived from cannabis, which is the Latin name for hemp. |
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