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PDR for Nutritional Supplements

Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
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Lignan content could be responsible for some of the positive effects. lignans have been shown, in various studies, to contain anti-platelet-activating factor activity and possess antioxidant properties. Development of atherosclerosis has been reduced by up to 69% in some of these studies using flaxseed-enriched diets. To what extent research findings using flaxseed itself can be extended to the use of flaxseed oil remains to be determined.
For example, following ingestion, SDG is converted to the aglycone secoisolariciresinol, which is then metabolized to the mammalian lignans enterolactone ana enteroaioi. Most or me effects of oral SDG are mediated by enterolactone and enterodiol. The molecular formula of SDG is C32H46O16, and its molecular weight is 686.71 daltons. The aglycone of SDG is also known as 2, 3-bis (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl) butane-1, 4-diol. Enterolactone is also known as trans-2, 3-bis [(3-hydroxylphenyl) methylj-butyrolactone.
Secoisolariciresinol, in turn, is metabolized by bacteria in the large intestine to the mammalian lignans EL and ED. EL and ED are absorbed from the large intestine. Little is known about the distribution of EL and ED to the various tissues of the body. It is known that ED and EL undergo conjugation in the liver with glucuronate and sulfate. The glucuronate and sulfate conjugates of ED and EL are excreted in the urine and in the bile. There appears to be considerable individual variation in the absorption and metabolism of the SDG metabolites ED and EL.
Isoflavonoids and lignans have different potentials to modulate oxidative genetic damage in human colon cells. Carcinogenesis.2000; 21:1247-1252. Prasad K. Hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside isolated from flax-seed. Mol Cell Biochem. 1997; 168:117-123. Prasad K. Oxidative stress as a mechanism of diabetes in diabetic BB prone rats: effect of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Mol Cell Biochem.2000; 209:89-96. Prasad K.
Schottner M, Spiteller G. lignans interfering with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding to human sex hormone-binding globulin. J Nat Prod.\99%; 61:119-121. Thompson LU, Seidl MM, Rickard SE, et al. Antitumorigenic effect of a mammalian lignan precursor from flaxseed. Nutr Cancer. 1996; 26:159-165. Selenium TRADE NAMES Sele-Pak (Solopak Laboratories), Selepen (American Pharmaceutical Parners), Selenium Oceanic (Freeda Vitamins), Selenomax (Mason Vitamins). DESCRIPTION Selenium is an essential trace element in human and animal nutrition.
Some animal studies have suggested a possible role for flaxseed in the treatment of some cancers, particularly mammary cancers. lignans have been shown to block some of the cancer-inducing effects of endogenous estrogens. Human trials are underway. Recently, some poultry farmers have begun feeding chickens diets rich in flaxseed, boosting the omega-3 fatty acid content of the eggs of these chickens to levels eight to 10 times that of regular eggs. These functional foods have already captured four percent of the Canadian egg market.

Bartram's Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine: The Definitive Guide

Thomas Bartram
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Constituents: lignans, gum resins, volatile oil. Action: powerfully stimulates genito-urinary mucous surfaces and for this purpose was used by the Old School extensively for gonorrhoea and other STDs. As an expectorant was once used for chronic cough and bronchitis (lozenges). Preparations. Thrice daily. Liquid Extract BPC (1934) 1 in 1. Dose: 2-4ml. Tincture Cubebs BPC 1949; dose, 2-4ml. Powder: dose, 2-4g. GSL CUCUMBER. Cucumis sativus. Action: cooling astringent, diuretic anodyne, sedative, alterative (mild), action similar to Hydrangea, reducing specific gravity of urine.

The Natural Physician's Healing Therapies

Mark Stengler, N.D.
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Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains—foods with the most dietary fiber—also contain vitamins, minerals, and phy-tonutrients, all of which are believed to be responsible for some of the protective effects against cancer. lignans in flaxseed, for example, are phytonutrients that have a protective effect. That said it's evident that a high-fiber diet can be protective against certain kinds of cancer— especially colon cancer. This makes sense to me, as toxins are bound by fiber and removed through the stool.

Breast Cancer? Breath Health! The Wise Woman Way

Susun S. Weed
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They contain or stimulate production of genistein, protease inhibitors, lignans, phytosterols, and fatty acids. One cup/250 ml of cooked or canned beans daily is ideal. To reduce gas, soak beans overnight and discard the soaking water before cooking them. See soybeans. BEETS/BEETROOT (Beta rubra) Extract of beet root kills cancer cells in the laboratory. Grated raw beets nourish the liver and strengthen immunity. See greens. BOK CHOY (Brassica chinensis) See cabbage family.

The Natural Physician's Healing Therapies

Mark Stengler, N.D.
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Cancer Flaxseed is an excellent supplement to use for the prevention and treatment of cancer, primarily because of the hormone-balancing and immune-supportive effects of lignans. Since one out of every eight women is likely to get breast cancer in her lifetime, I recommend flaxseed as a standard preventive for every woman who is concerned about this disease.
Most of the vitamins and minerals are located in the leaves, which also harbor the compounds that help prevent allergies. lignans and sterols are found in the root. These are the compounds that seem to be so important in relieving the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. DOSAGE °^ Nettle Leaf I recommend two capsules of 600 milligrams taken two or three times daily. The freeze-dried capsules are best. Nettle-leaf tincture is also available. Take 30 drops or 0.5 milliliters two or three times daily. Alternatively, you can take two or three cups of nettle leaf tea.

Heinerman's Encyclopedia of Healing Herbs and Spices

John Heinerman
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We now have clear proof," she said, "that flaxseed lignans have definite anticancer effects." FRANKINCENSE (BOSWELLIA Till RIFFRA) Frankincense (and myrrh—see separate entry) are prepared from large irregular lumps of light reddish to yellowish-brown gum exuded by several species of trees. Another name for it is olibanum. Frankincense was highly regarded by Egyptians for embalming and fumigating. The gum is used in the Near East as a masticatory, to clean the mouth. Oil of olibanum is still used in some high-grade perfumes, especially for oriental and floral types.

The Doctor's Complete Guide to Vitamins and Minerals

Dr. Mary Dan Eades
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There are two major types of phytoestrogens, the isoflavones and the lignans. Isoflavones These are the most widely researched phytoestrogens. The only sources of isoflavones are soy, garbanzo beans, alfalfa, and clover. Of course, soy is available in many forms and products. Alfalfa is eaten as sprouts, and some sprouts are made from clover. How do isoflavones work? Isoflavones bind with the dominant estrogen receptor in the body. Their activity is weak compared to the activity of human estrogen, and so they act more like antiestrogens by displacing human estrogen from the receptors.
The highest concentration is found in oil seeds, especially flaxseed. lignans act like estrogen and have antioxidant properties as well. They have been shown to influence sex hormone metabolism and biological activity and more recently, to influence the enzymes in the body's cells, protein sythesis, growth factor action, cancer cell reproduction, and differentiation. What all this means is that these phytochemicals may well be natural cancer-protective compounds. Choices during menopause are very personal; it all boils down to what you are interested in and willing to try.

Cancer & Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research

John Boik
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Flax seed (Linum usitatissimum) is an abundant source of dietary plant lignans, 100 to 800 times greater than 67 other common plant foods. Flax seed has demonstrated anticarcinogenic effects in animal studies. In one study, mice bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors were fed a high-fat diet (including 20% corn oil). The addition of flax seed (5% of diet) during the 21-week promotional stage reduced tumor sizes by 67% (Serraino and Thompson, 1992).
Reduction of Sex Hormone Bioavailability High levels of urinary lignans and isoflavones, particularly genistein, are associated with a low incidence of breast and prostate cancers—two cancers that can be responsive to sex hormones. In vitro, genistein increased the production of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by human hepatocarcinoma cells, and also suppressed the proliferation of these cells (Mousavi et al., 1993). Sex hormones are tightly bound by SHBG and are rendered unavailable to stimulate the growth of hormone responsive cancers.
The authors suggest that lignans and isoflavones may inhibit tumor growth by increasing SHBG and by competing with estradiol for estrogen binding sites (isoflavones exhibit weak estrogenic activity) (Adlercreutz et al., 1992). Japanese men consuming high quantities of soy products exhibit a low mortality rate from prostatic cancer. Total isoflavone content in the plasma in 14 Japanese men were 7 to 110 times higher than in Finnish men who consumed a low-soy diet. Genistein was the most prominent isoflavone (Adlercreutz et al., 1993). TABLE 14.
The seed of Arctium lappa (niu bang zi) contains a number of lignans, including arctigenin. Methanol extracts of the seed induced differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia (Ml) cells (Umehara et al., 1993). Arctigenin has also demonstrated potent cytotoxic effects against HL-60 human lymphocytic leukemia. The IC50 was 0.067 jig/ml, a concentration nearly as low as the IC50 values of a variety of conventional cytotoxic drugs such as methotrexate and vincristine. In addition, arctigenin was found to be nontoxic to normal lymphocytes.
Some of the more promising compounds include the phytoestrogen equol; the flavonoids quercetin, (+)-catechin, and epigallocate-chin 3-gallate (EGCG); the isoflavone genistein; and lignans obtained from flax seed and Arctium lappa. These compounds may act by a variety of mechanisms to inhibit cancer growth, such as by reducing estrogen -r^— ——" urea. 15.1 DMSO 15.1.1 Solvent Activities 15.1.2 Hydroxy I Scavenger Action 15.3.2 Wobe-Mugos 15.3.3 Bromelain 15.4 UREA 15.5 SUMMARY 15.1 DMSO Dimcthy 1 sulfoxide (DMSO) was initially discovered by the Russian scientist Dr.

The Natural Physician's Healing Therapies

Mark Stengler, N.D.
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Sung MK, Lautens M, Thompson LU, Mammalian lignans inhibit the growth of estrogen-independent human colon tumor cells. Anticancer Res 1998 May-Jun; 18(3A):1405-1408. FOOD SENSITIVITY • "... In this study, the test proved accurate and reproducible when compared against conventional tests." Tseui J et al., A food allergy study utilizing the EAV acupuncture technique. Am J Acupuncture 1984; 12(2): 105. GARLIC • "... Long-term use of garlic helps to protect the elasticity of the aorta.

Hormone Deception

D. Lindsey Berkson
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PHYTOESTROGENS COMPOUNDS Isoflavones—the most famous of which are genistein and daidzein—are compounds found in high amounts in soy and mung bean sprouts. The highest to lowest amounts of phytoestrogens in soy are soybean flour, firm tofu, soft tofu, miso soup, soy drinks, and soy milk formula. A third isoflavone of soy, called glycitein, appears to be more estrogenic than the other two and much more absorbable by the body.

The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants

Michael T. Murray, N.D.
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Alcoholic solutions would contain these compounds but no viscotoxins or lectins. However, as stated above, aqueous extracts appear to be more effective. In Europe, several viscum preparations for hypertension exist. In fact, in Britain alone more than 150 different mistletoe preparations exist in the market place.3 These preparations typically have small amounts of viscum in combination with other herbs thought to possess hypotensive action, for example, garlic, Crataegus oxyacantha, and Tilia platyphyllos.

Breast Cancer? Breath Health! The Wise Woman Way

Susun S. Weed
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E; selenium, zinc, and other minerals. Preparation & Daily Dose: Used without limit. Fresh blossoms: eaten freely. Infusion of dried flowers: up to 1 quart/1 liter. Tincture/mother tincture of fresh blossoms: 15-100 drops. Fresh flower vinegar: 1-4 tablespoons/15-60 ml. Fresh blossom oil/ointment/poultice: as often as needed. Toxicity: Overconsumption of blood-thinning coumarins-present in low amounts in red clover but found in greater amounts in other clovers such as sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis)—can lead to breakdown of red blood cells and increase risk of hemorrhage.

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