Simon Mills and Kerry Bone
See book keywords and concepts |  Treatment
Diet and lifestyle
Fruit and vegetable intake should be high to maintain optimum levels of flavonols and other supportive elements. Regular walking and resting or sleeping with the legs elevated is often to be recommended. Elastic stockings should be useful, especially if applied first thing in the morning. Cold water applied to the legs from the knee to the foot can help to stimulate circulation and tone the area.
Herbs
Aesculus hippocastanum (horsechestnut)55 and Ruscus (butcher's broom), taken internally and also applied topically in a cream, are key aspects of treatment. | | The effect of flavones and flavonols from Arnica spp on the cytotoxicity of helenalin was investigated in the human lung carcinoma cell line. At non-toxic concentrations, all flavonoids (except kaempferol) significantly reduced helenalin-induced cytotoxicity.17 Sesquiterpene lactones of Arnica inhibited Walker 26 carcinosarcoma and Ehrlich ascites tumour growth in vitro.18
Other activity
The stabilization of lysosomal membrane in liver cells by sesquiterpene lactones was dependent on the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone structure. | | The xanthones, flavones and flavonols were found to be potent and selective MAO-A inhibitors and the coumarins affected MAO-B in vitro.32 Amentoflavone demonstrated binding activity at the benzodiazepine receptor in vitro.33 One group of researchers have suggested, on the basis of their in vitro and in vivo studies, that hyperforin significantly contributes to the antidepressant activity.34-35 More investigation is required into the role that hyperforin might play in the antidepressant activity of hypericum. |
Robert Hass, M.S.
See book keywords and concepts |  PROANTHOCYANIDINS
Peanuts, cranberries, red wines, grape skins and seeds, and citrus peels contain phytonutrients (catechins, flavonols, anthocyanins, pro-anthocyanidins, and soluble tannins) with powerful antioxidant properties.
The antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins is much greater than either vitamin C or vitamin E. In addition, proanthocyanidins protect against radical damage in both water soluble and fat soluble components of the cell. |
Judith Wills
See book keywords and concepts |  There is a sub-group of flavonoids called flavonols, of which one of the most researched, and probably the most abundant in foods, is quercetin—an antioxidant found in black tea and red wine as well as in onions, tomatoes, apples, potatoes, grapes, and fava beans. Studies have linked high quercetin intake with lower risk of heart disease. Quercetin may also help to prevent eye cataracts and hay fever as it has antihistamine properties. |
Dr. Mary Dan Eades
See book keywords and concepts |  Although there are over 1500 flavonoids, some of the more "popular" ones include flavones, flavonols (quercetin, ginkgo, rutin), and flavanones.
Flavonoids fight against allergies, inflammation, free radicals, ulcers, viruses, and tumors. They also inhibit specific enzymes that cause health problems. For example, they block the enzyme that raises blood pressure. |
Larry Trivieri, Jr.
See book keywords and concepts |  Green tea flavonols (the active bioflavonoids in the tea) may offer substantial cancer protection if consumed on a regular basis.
Hoxsey Therapy
Harry Hoxsey was an herbal folk healer who eventually attracted a devoted following of cancer survivors after he started using an herbal therapy that originated with his great-grandfather. |
Donald R. Yance, j r.,C.N., M.H., A.H.G., with Arlene Valentine
See book keywords and concepts |  Flavones and flavonols are the most widely occurring flavonoids and they include quercetin, a major flavonoid I often recommend as a supplement.
4. Isoflavonoids. Isoflavonoids, found primarily in legumes, include genistein, which is found in soybeans.
5. Tannins. Tannins include proanthocyanidins, anthocyanides, and gallic acid phenolics (this is what gives red wine some of its health benefits). When supplementing with PCOs or pycnogenol, be sure to get the real thing. Look for the name of the French researcher Jack Masquelier on the bottle. |
Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences National Research Council
See book keywords and concepts |  Mutagenicity of plant flavonols in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Activation of flavonol glycosides by mixed glycosidases from rat cecal bacteria and other sources. Mutat. Res. 66:223-240.
Busk, L., and U. G. Ahlborg. 1980. Retinol (vitamin A) as an inhibitor of the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B^. Toxicol. Lett. 6:243-249.
Clarke, C H., and M. J. Wade. 1975. Evidence that caffeine, 8-methoxy-psoralen and steroidal diamines are frameshift mutagens for Ej_ coli K-12. Mutat. Res. 28:123-125.
Commoner, B., A. J. Vithayathil, P. Dolara, S. Nair, P. Madyastha, and G. C. Cuca. 1978. | | The flavonols quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin have recently been shown to account for most of the mutagenic activity of an acid hydrolysate of green tea (Uyeta e_t al., 1981). Grape juice was also found to be mutagenic to strain TA98, although only when tested with fecal extracts containing glycosidases (Tamura et al., 1980).
Mutagenic activity has also been detected in concentrates of 17 out of 27 commonly consumed Chinese alcoholic beverages, mostly fermented from rice, glutinous rice, and barley (Lee and Fong, 1979). |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
See book keywords and concepts | | A number of flavonoids also inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, with maximal activity from the flavonols quercetin and hyperoside, the flavones orientin and vitexin, and the flavanone naringen.25 However, the common flavanol, rutin, has less than one-tenth the activity of quercetin, which has been shown to greatly increase the level of cAMP in human platelets.26 Flavonoid extracts from Vaccinium myrtillus, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Prunus spinosa and Crataegus pentagyna were the most potent inhibitors, according to one study. |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1Michael T. Murray, ND
See book keywords and concepts | | They are not as ubiquitous in nature as some of the other flavonoids, such as flavones and flavonols, being found primarily in one subfamily of Leguminosae, the Papilionoideae.2 Approximately 600 isoflavonoids have been identified. They are divided into subclasses depending on the oxidation level of the central pyran ring. Isoflavones are the most abundant of the subclasses of isoflavonoids. Genistein and daidzein are two important isoflavones in soy. As can be seen in Figure 112. | | Natural phenolics include: flavonoids (antho-cyanidins, catechins, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavones); tannins (ellagic acid, gallic acid); phenyl iso-propenoids (such as caffeic acid, coumaric acids, ferulic acid); lignans; and other substances, including catechol, resveratrol (grape skins), rosmarinic acid (rosemary) and others. Substantial amounts of ingested quercetin are absorbed by the GI tract in humans.112 Quercetin and kaempferol are among the most abundant flavonoids in the diet. | | The three major backbone flavonoids of the Ginkgo biloba flavonols are quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetine (see Fig. 88.1). The sugar (glucoside) components are glucose and rhamnose, which are present
General description 751 Chemical composition 751 History and folk use 752
Pharmacology 752
Tissue effects 752
Vascular effects 753
Platelet effects 754
Absorption and distribution of GBE 754
Clinical applications 754
Future applications of GBE 758
Dosage 758 Toxicity 758
OH O
Compound
R
R' R"
Kaempferol
H
OH H
Quercetin
OH
OH H
Isorhamnetine
OCH3
OH H
Figure 88. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts |  Quercetin is a member of the class of flavonoids called flavonols. It is widely distributed in the plant kingdom in rinds and barks. Especially rich sources of quercetin include onions, red wine, green tea and St. John's wort.
Quercetin is typically found in plants as glycone or carbohydrate conjugates. Quercetin itself is an aglycone or aglucon. That is, quercetin does not possess a carbohydrate moiety in its structure. Quercetin glycone conjugates include rutin and thujin. Rutin is also known as quercetin-3-rutinoside. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
See book keywords and concepts |  Antioxidant flavonols and ischemic heart disease in a Welsh population of men: the Caerphilly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1489-94.
18. Stampfer MJ, Malinow R, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of plasma homocysteine and risk of myocardial infarction in U.S. physicians. JAMA 1992; 268: 877-81.
19. Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, McGovern PG, et al. Prospective study of coronary heart disease incidence in relation to fasting total homocysteine, related genetic polymorphisms, and B vitamins. Circulation 1998; 98: 204-10.
20. Kuller LH, Evans RW. Homocysteine, vitamins, and cardiovascular disease. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts | | RESEARCH SUMMARY
Epidemiological evidence has suggested for some time that dietary intake of flavonols and flavones is inversely associated with coronary heart disease. It has been hypothesized that the ability of flavonoids to inhibit lipid peroxidation, demonstrated both in vitro and in various animal models, might, at least partially, account for this association.
More recently, however, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared one-gram daily of oral quercetin with placebo in 27 healthy subjects. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  The three major backbone flavonoids of the Ginkgo biloba flavonols are quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetine (Figure 13.1). The sugar (glucoside) components include glucose and rhamnose, which are present as single sugars or as disaccharides (two sugar molecules attached to each other).
Other significant flavonoid components of GBE include proanthocyani-dins (see Grape Seed Extract, Chapter 16).
The major terpene molecules of GBE, which account for 6 percent of the extract, are the ginkgolides and bilobalide (Figure 13.2). |
Gary Null
See book keywords and concepts |  Uncovered by the Nobel prize-winning biochemist who also discovered vitamin C,1 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, these brightly colored nutrients are also known as citrin, vitamin C-2, flavones, flavonols, and flavonones.2
Let's take a brief look at some of the names used to identify the bioflavonoids, and what they mean: Bioflavonoids are nutrients with vitaminlike qualities; they are water soluble and always occur in combination with vitamin C. Bioflavonoids could be defined as compounds that perform biological functions in the human body. |
John Boik
See book keywords and concepts |  Flavones also occur as glycosides, but in a more limited fashion than flavonols. Baicalin, such as found in Scutellaria baicalensis (huang qin), is a common flavone 0-glycoside used in Chinese medicine.
4) Isoflavonoids. Isoflavonoids are found mostly in the Leguminosae family (legumes), and can be divided into isoflavones, isoflavanones, pterocarpans, isoflavans, and rotenoids. Common isoflavonoids include genistein, daidzein, and biochanin A.
5) Tannins. Tannins include proanthocyanidins and gallic acid phenolics (the gallo- and ellagi-tannins). |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
See book keywords and concepts | | One system breaks bioflavonoids into isoflavones, anthocyanins, flavans, flavonols, flavones, and flavanones.1 Some of the best-known bioflavonoids, such as genistein in soy (p. 332) and quercetin (p. 328) in onions, can be considered subcategories of the categories. Although they are all structurally related, their functions are different.
While they are not considered essential, some bioflavonoids do support health as anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, and antiviral agents. |
Christian Ratsch
See book keywords and concepts |  It is composed of flavonols and glycosides (fisetin, quercetin [cf. Psidium guajava, Vaccinium uliginosum], quercitrin), as well as flavonoids (catechine, catechin tanning agents) and red pigments (Harnischfeger 1992, 31). Catechu is thus responsible for the reddish coloration of the saliva that occurs when betel quids are chewed (Atkinson 1989, 775*). In India and Nepal, catechu is used in dyeing and tanning. In the local ethnomedicine, it is employed as a tonic and for digestive ailments and skin diseases. |
Andrew Chevallier
See book keywords and concepts |  Constituents The bark contains quassinoids (such as ailanthone and quassin), alkaloids, flavonols, and tannins. Quassinoids are intensely bitter, antimalarial, and act against cancerous cells. Medicinal Actions & Uses In Chinese herbal medicine, tree of heaven is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery, especially if there is blood in the stool. The bark of the tree has been employed in Asian and Australian medicine to counter worms, excessive vaginal discharge, gonorrhea, and malaria, and it has also been given for asthma. |
Mark Blumenthal
See book keywords and concepts |  Twinings® Darjeeling Tea (black): Twinings London / 216 The Strand / London / U.K. / vvww.twinings.com. Each dose of 2.2 g leaf provides 7.6 mg epicatechin, 20.2 mg epigallocatechin, 43 mg epigallocatechin gallate, 2.2 mg theaflavin, 1.4 mg theaflavin monogallate, and 0.8 mg theaflavin digallate.
References
August D, Landau J, Caputo D, et al. Ingestion of green tea rapidly decreases prostaglandin E2 levels in rectal mucosa in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 1999;8(8):709-13. Austin S. Common drugs and their potential interactions with herbs or nutrients. | | Hansel et al, 1992-94; Wagner and Tittel, 1983); 1.0-2.4% oligomeric procyanidins; 0.6% triterpene acids including ursolic, oleanolic, and crataegolic acids; and phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and related phenolcarboxylic acids (Hansel et al, 1992-94).
Hawthorn fruit
The fruits contain relatively low levels of flavonoids and consist primarily of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins (Rehwald, 1995; Tittel and Wagner, 1981). The procyanidins contained in the fruit reportedly have a higher degree of polymerization than the procyanidins in the leaves and flowers. |
J. E. Williams, O.M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Another herb, hamamelis bark (Hamamelis virginiana, also known as witch hazel), has activity against human herpes virus 1; the Amazonian herb, Sangre de Drago (Croton lechlcri), containing several flavonols including proanthocyanidins, has also been shown to be effective against viral infections. Daily dosage recommendations range between 50-100 mg. No side effects or interactions are attributed to proanthocyanidin supplementation. |
Alan Keith Tillotson, Ph.D., A.H.G., D.Ay.
See book keywords and concepts |  John's wort also contains several other antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory phy-tochemicals, including xanthones, phloroglucinol derivatives, and flavonols.
Because St. John's wort is able to induce a liver detoxification enzyme (CYP3A4), it can lower drug and toxin levels in the blood. This is positive in most cases, and may account for why it clears the mind. However, in the case of drugs where maintaining blood levels is critical, as with in HIV protease inhibitors and organ rejection drugs, the same effect can be deadly. Dr. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts | | It also contains glycosylation products of flavonols and phenolic acids as minute constituents. Pycnogenol is abbreviated PYC.
Procyanidins, including oligomeric procyanidins, are also found in such foods as cocoa and chocolate, grape seeds, apples, peanuts, almonds, cranberries and blueberries. They are also found in such medicinal herbs as "Sangre de drago" (Croton lechleri).
Procyanidins are also known as leucocyanidins. Procyanidins and prodelphinidins comprise a class of polyphenolic compounds called proanthocyanidins. |
Christian Ratsch
See book keywords and concepts | | THC heroin406 kavains indole alkaloids essential oil essential oil opium alkaloids coloring agent essential oil coloring agent essential oil amphetamine407 tropane alkaloids tropane alkaloids tropane alkaloids nicotine nicotine
The betel pepper vine (Piper betle) prefers to climb shade trees. (Woodcut from Gerard, The Herball or General History of Plants, 1633)
403 This wild relative of the cultivated betel palm is indigenous to the mountain forests of New Guinea (Seyfarth 1981,562). |
page 3 of 3 | Next ->
FAIR USE NOTICE: The research quoted here is provided under the protection of Fair Use provisions and published by the 501(c)3 non-profit Consumer Wellness Center for the purposes of public comment and education. Authors / publishers may submit books for consideration of inclusion here.
TERMS OF USE: Read full terms of use. Citations of text from NaturalPedia must include: 1) Full credit to the original author and book title. 2) Secondary credit to the Natural News Naturalpedia as a research resource and a link to www.NaturalNews.com/np/index.html
This unique compilation of research is copyright (c) 2008 by the non-profit Consumer Wellness Center.
ABOUT THE CREATOR OF NATURALPEDIA: Mike Adams, the creator of this NaturalNews Naturalpedia, is the editor of NaturalNews.com, the internet's top natural health news site, creator of the Honest Food Guide (www.HonestFoodGuide.org), a free downloadable consumer food guide based on natural health principles, author of Grocery Warning, The 7 Laws of Nutrition, Natural Health Solutions, and many other books available at www.TruthPublishing.com, creator of the earth-friendly EcoLEDs company (www.EcoLEDs.com) that manufactures energy-efficient LED lighting products, founder of Arial Software (www.ArialSoftware.com), a permission e-mail technology company, creator of the CounterThink Cartoon series (www.NaturalNews.com/index-cartoons.html) and author of over 1,500 articles, interviews, special reports and reference guides available at www.NaturalNews.com. Adams' personal philosophy and health statistics are available at www.HealthRanger.org.
|
 |
Refine your search
with Flavonols...
...and Nutrients:...and Flavonoids
...and Quercetin
...and Antioxidant
...and Vitamin C
...and Pollen
...and Glycosides
...and Antioxidants
...and Enzyme
...and Tannins
...and Vitamin E
...and Concepts:...and Activity
...and Research
...and Studies
...and Study
...and Group
...and Activities
...and Species
...and Molecules
...and Preparations
...and Risk
...and Key Health Concepts:...and Plants
...and Chemicals
...and Chemical
...and Extracts
...and Herbs
...and Foods
...and Health
...and Nutrients
...and Products
...and Disease
...and Foods and Beverages:...and Tea
...and Chocolate
...and Sugar
...and Honey
...and Grape
...and Fruits
...and Vegetables
...and Fruits and vegetables
...and Sugars
...and Fruit
...and Substances:...and Acid
...and Extract
...and Acids
...and Bacteria
...and Water
...and Food
...and Oxygen
...and Essential oils
...and Carbon
...and Lead
...and Adjectives:...and Natural
...and Active
...and Red
...and Inhibited
...and Black
...and Major
...and New
...and Cold
...and Simple
...and Free
...and Physiology:...and Effects
...and Effect
...and Levels
...and Prevent
...and Blood sugar
...and Intake
...and Immune
...and Absorption
...and Balance
...and Improve
...and Plants and Herbs:...and Leaves
...and Saponins
...and Bark
...and Flowers
...and John's wort
...and St. john's wort
...and Leaf
...and Garlic
...and Arnica
...and Ginkgo biloba
...and Objects:...and Plant
...and Components
...and Seed
...and Animal
...and People
...and Compound
...and Vitamins
...and Company
...and Rain
...and University
...and Anatomy:...and Body
...and Liver
...and Blood
...and Kidney
...and Tissues
...and Mouth
...and Skin
...and Immune system
...and Tissue
...and Cells
...and Health Conditions and Diseases:...and Cancer
...and Inflammation
...and Heart disease
...and Ulcers
...and Diabetes
...and Cancers
...and Vomiting
...and Kidney stones
...and Arthritis
...and Wounds
...and Medical Adjectives:...and In vitro
...and Antiviral
...and Soluble
...and Biological
...and Antibacterial
...and Standardized
...and Therapeutic
...and Viral
...and Oral
...and Digestive
|
Related Concepts:
Flavonoids
Plant
In vitro
Acid
Activity
Quercetin
Extract
Effects
Tea
Antioxidant
Research
Flavones
Plants
Chocolate
Chemicals
Vitamin C
Natural
Cipo cabeludo
Study
Studies
Cancer
Pollen
Active
Acids
Sugar
Effect
Leaves
Glycosides
Honey
Chemical
Antioxidants
Extracts
Proanthocyanidins
Group
Saponins
Activities
Bacteria
Human
Levels
Enzyme
Tannins
Species
Bark
Components
Pine bark
Inflammation
Grape
Heart disease
Flowers
Vitamin E
John's wort
Body
Liver
Blood
Properties
Herbs
Red
Inhibited
Molecules
Alkaloids
Antiviral
Prevent
Foods
Risk
Preparations
Health
Leaf
Water
Kidney vetch
St. john's wort
Derivatives
Tissues
Anti-inflammatory
Kidney
Black
Antioxidant activity
Major
Inhibitors
Food
Hypericum
Helenalin
Blood sugar
Nutrients
Fruits
Vegetables
Garlic
Products
Sources
Proteins
Ulcers
Disease
Sesquiterpene lactones
New
Pigments
Lactones
Dosages
Results
Enzymes
Protects against
Treatment
|
Email this page to a friend
