Dr Bernard Jenson and Mark Anderson
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 He reports that synthetic ascorbic acid fails as a reliable anti-scurvy agent because it does not contain the synergistic flavonoids found with ascorbic acid in foods.
C COMPLEX IS LYMPHOCYTE ARMOR
The body doesn't want ascorbic acid per se; it wants the C complex being preserved by ascorbic acid. In 1940, Dr. Lee said that the vitamin C complex is the armor of the lymphocytes. A lymphocyte unarmed with the C complex will fail in its function, it will be impotent, it won't be able to attack and destroy infectious organisms. |
Neal Barnard, M.D.
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 Wines also contain natural flavonoids that come from the skins and seeds of grapes, as well as sulfites, all of which are under scrutiny for their contribution to migraines.
More importantly, red wine contains a huge amount of histamine, which is famous for the sneezing, runny nose, and sinus problems it can cause and that are treated with cmfihistamines. Histamine has a major effect on blood flow, which is probably why it contributes to migraines. |
Sheldon P. Blau, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.R. and Elaine Fantle Shimberg
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 There are ingredients called flavonoids in grapefruit juice that seem to intensify the levels of these and other drugs. In some cases, toxicity may result. To be safe, wait at least four hours after taking medicine to drink grapefruit juice.
Even a sweet treat like licorice, brought to you by a well-meaning visitor, can be dangerous and potentially fatal, as copious amounts of licorice can draw potassium from your system and dangerously interact with medications such as Lanoxin, which is used for congestive heart failure and disturbances of the heart rhythm. |
Christian Ratsch
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 Phytochemical survey of the heartwood flavonoids of Acacia species from arid zones of Australia. Australia Journal of Chemistry 25:1943-55.
Fitzgerald, J. S., and A. A. Sioumis. 1965. Alkaloids of the Australian Leguminosae, V: the occurrence of methylated tryptamines in Acacia maidenii F. von Muell. Australian Journal of Chemistry 18:433-34.
Harnischfeger, Gotz. 1992. Acacia. In Hagers handbuch der pharmazeutischen praxis. 5th ed. Vol. 4:26-43. Berlin: Springer.
Poupat, Christiane, Alain Ahond, and Thierry Sevenet. 1976. Alcaloides de Acacia simplicifolia. Phytochemistry 15:2019-20. |
| Methoxylated flavonoids are common in the genus (Rodriguez et al. 1972). Many species of Artemisia have musclerelaxing and antiasthmatic effects (Moran et al. 1989c) and are thus suitable for use in smoking blends. They include:
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
Artemisia sieversiana (Ehrh.) Willd.
Artemisia argyi Leveille et Vaniot
Artemisia caerulescens ssp. gallica (Willd.) K. Pers.
The West European Artemisia caerulescens ssp. gallica is rich in an essential oil with a high thujone content (Moran et al. 1989b).
Artemisia copa Phil. |
| It also contains the glycoside arbutine, the flavonoids hyperoside and quercetin (cf. Artemisia absinthium, Fabiana imbricata, Humulus lupulus, Psidium guajava, Vaccinium uligi-nosum), resins, and traces of alkaloids (Roth et al. 1994, 452; Tattje and Bos 1981; Vonarburg 1995, 78).
Effects
The essential oil can induce states of inebriation and spasms, but also abortions. Ledol has potent inebriating and narcotic effects that definitely can assume an aggressive nature. The effects of the alcoholic extract are very similar to those of alcohol. |
| Trace amounts of aposcopolamine, norscopolamine, littorine, tropine, cuscohygrine, tigloidine, and tigloyloxytropane are also present, as well are flavonoids (rutin) and coumarin derivatives (Lindequist 1993, 467).
The homeopathic mother tincture contains a minimum of 0.007 and a maximum of 0.01% alkaloids, calculated as hyoscyamine.
Effects
The parasympathicolytic effects of the drugs and of preparations of black henbane are due to the
Illustration of Chinese henbane (Hyoscyamus niger var. chinensis) on a Tibetan medical thangka (detail).
"Henbane is the treasure flower of the Underworld. |
Jean Carper
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 Cabbage's known anticancer compounds include chlorophyll, dithiolthiones, certain flavonoids, indoles, isothiocyanates, phenols such as caffeic and ferulic acids, and vitamins E and C.
INFECTION FIGHTER?
Cabbage can destroy bacteria and viruses in test tubes. Romanian scientists searching for foods that might correct an immune system gone awry found in 1986 that cabbage boosted the immune functioning of animal cells growing in test tubes. The vegetable stimulated the production of more antibodies. |
David Heber, M.D., Ph.D.
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 There are many flavonoid structures, and researchers in my laboratory are developing methods for measuring the evidence that flavonoids have been eaten based on their breakdown products in the urine.
Why This Is Not a "One Sentence" Diet Plan
It is important to realize that when it comes to diets, you have to look at the whole diet rather than simply breaking it down into carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. We eat foods that contain these things. Most vegetables and protein foods contain fat, and all vegetables and fruits contain some sugar, a little protein, and a little fat. |
Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon
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 Because the flavonoids in grapefruit juice can interfere with the liver enzyme that processes the antihistamine terfenadine, some individuals might end up with unusually high levels of Seldane circulating in the body. In susceptible people, this could provoke a dangerous change in heart rhythm called "torsade de pointes."5
So far as we know, there haven't been any deaths or hospitalizations attributed to grapefruit juice in combination with Seldane—yet. |
Nicola Reavley
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 This section also contains a chapter on flavonoids, plant compounds that are found in foods such as fruit, vegetables, red wine, green tea and soy. Scientists are just beginning to understand the disease-preventing properties of the thousands of different compounds found in these foods, and this research helps emphasize the important principle that supplements cannot substitute for an unhealthy diet.
QUICK GUIDE
Two essential fatty acids are necessary for health. These are the polyunsaturated fats, linoleic and alpha linolenic acid. |
| Many of these belong to a family of plant chemicals called flavonoids. (See page 364 for more information). There are also several herbs which have antioxidant activity. These include cayenne or chilli pepper {Capsicum annuum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma longd), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). See page 384 for more information on these herbs and the precautions that may be necessary. |
| Red wine is a good source of flavonoids and many people have suggested that the liberal French consumption of red wine protects against coronary heart disease. Several studies have found that a glass or two of wine daily protects against heart disease and it seems likely that red wine is more protective than white wine, suggesting that the benefits might be unrelated to the alcohol.
Researchers involved in the Zutphen elderly study assessed the flavonoid intakes of 805 men aged from 65 to 84 years in 1985. The major sources of flavonoid intake were found to be tea, onions, and apples. |
| The results showed that those with the highest intakes of dietary flavonoids (mainly quercetin) had around 75 per cent less risk of stroke compared to those with the lowest intakes. Black tea contributed about 70 per cent of the flavonoid intake in the study. Men who drunk more than four cups of tea had around a third of the risk of stroke when compared to those who drunk less than two cups of tea.3 However, in a 1997 study done in Wales, researchers did not find a reduced risk of heart disease with increasing tea consumption. |
| An inverse association was observed between the intake of flavonoids and incidence of all sites of cancer combined. Those with the highest flavonoid intakes had almost half the risk of cancer compared to those in the lowest intake groups.6
Researchers involved in the Iowa Women's Health Study analyzed the tea drinking habits of over 35,000 postmenopausal women and found that those who drank more than two cups of tea a day were 32 per cent less likely to have cancers of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum. They were also 60 per cent less likely to have urinary tract cancer. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
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 In Plant flavonoids in Biology and Medicine: Biochemical, Pharmacological, and Structure-Activity Relationships, eds. V Cody, E Middleton, JB Harbone. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1986,481-84.
5. Achterrath-Tuckerman U, Kunde R, et al. Pharmacological investigations with compounds of chamomile. V. Investigations on the spasmolytic effect of compounds of chamomile and Kamillosan on the isolated guinea pig ileum. Planta Med 1980; 39: 38-50.
6. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. |
Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon
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| In Vitro Inhibition of
Dihydropyridine Oxidation and Anatoxin Bl Activation in Human Liver Microsomes by Naringenin and Other flavonoids." Carcinogen 1992; 11:2275-2279.
2. Edgar, B., et al. "Acute Effects of Drinking Grapefruit Juice on the
Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Felodipine—and its Potential Clinical Relevance." Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1992; 42:313-317.
3. Bailey, David G., et al. "Interaction of Citrus Juices with Felodipine and Nifedipine." Lancet. 1991; 337:268-270.
4. Woosley, Raymond L., et al. "Mechanism of the Cardiotoxic Actions of Terfenadine. |
Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC
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| Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk in the Zutphen elderly study. Nutr Cancer 1994; 22: 175-84.
3. Castillo MH, Perkins E, Campbell JH, et al. The effects of the bioflavonoid quercetin on squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck origin. Am ] Surg 1989; 351-55.
4. Stavric B. Quercetin in our diet: from potent mutagen to probably anticarcinogen. Clin Biochem 1994; 27: 245-48.
5. Barotto NN, Lopez CB, Eyard AR, et al. Quercetin enhances pretu-mourous lesions in the NMU model of rat pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Letters 1998; 129: 1-6.
Resveratrol
1. |
Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon
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| Inhibition of Dihydropyridine Metabolism in
Rat and Human Liver Microsomes by flavonoids Found in Grapefruit Juice." J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1992; 261:1195-1199.
8. Fuhr, Uwe, et al. "Inhibitory Effect of Grapefruit Juice and Its Bitter
Principal, Naringenin, on CYP1A2 Dependent Metabolism of Caffeine in Man." Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1993; 35:431-436.
9. Flockhart, David. Personal communication, November 16, 1993.
10. Ducharme, M.P., et al. "Trough Concentrations of Cyclosporine in
Blood Following Administration with Grapefruit Juice." Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1993; 36:457-459.
11. |
| It and other flavonoids can knock out an important enzyme in the liver (CYP-3A4) that is responsible for deactivating many medications. This can cause drug levels to climb and may lead to toxicity.
INSTRUCTIONS
Research on the effects of grapefruit juice on drug metabolism is still in its infancy. No one knows how many medications may be affected. To be on the safe side, do not take your medicines with grapefruit or grapefruit juice unless advised to do so by your physician. |
| It and other flavonoids can knock out an important enzyme in the liver (CYP-3A4) that is responsible for deactivating many medications. This can cause drug levels to climb and may lead to toxicity.
INSTRUCTIONS
Research on the effects of grapefruit juice on drug metabolism is still in its infancy. No one knows how many medications may be affected. To be on the safe side, do not take your medicines with grapefruit or grapefruit juice unless advised to do so by a physician. |
| Grapefruit juice contains ingredients called flavonoids (naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol). Naringenin has a profound impact on the metabolism of certain drugs. It appears to affect the action of a crucial liver enzyme.1
Calcium channel blockers such as felodipine (Plendil) and nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) have become extremely popular for treating high blood pressure and angina. But grapefruit juice can dramatically increase the concentration of such medications. |
Gary Null
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 High in trace elements, antioxidant cofactors, flavonoids, and carotenoid.
Coenzyme Q10. Every cell in the body needs this coenzyme to create energy and build stamina.
NADH. Also known as coenzyme 1, NADH is a naturally occurring substance in the body that supplies energy to the cells, allowing them to live longer.
Thymus extract. Pure oral thymus extract enhances immune function and helps reverse the aging process.
Tyrosine. Strengthens the thyroid and adrenal glands, protecting against stress.
Fo-ti. Rejuvenates the endocrine system and is an excellent digestive tonic.
Ginkgo biloba. |
Thomas Bartram
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 Constituents: flavonoids, volatile oil. Action: acts powerfully upon mucous membrane; antibiotic, anti-viral, anti-fungal, antispasmodic, stimulant restorative. Said to have the power of destroying miasma in fever-stricken areas, arresting the spread of pestilential fever. Widely used by the aborigines of Australia. Hypoglycaemic. Uses. Early stage of fever, colds, asthma, nasal catarrh, sinusitis, sore throat and respiratory disorders generally as an inhalant or internal medicine. Senile bronchitis as a chest rub. For lung conditions, may be inhaled or used in pastilles. |
Nicola Reavley
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| Onions are high in flavonoids, which may explain the links between their consumption and reduced cancer risk. Researchers involved in The Netherlands Cohort Study assessed the links between onion consumption and the risk of stomach cancer in 120,852 men and women ranging in age from 55 to 69 years. Those whose onion intakes were high had around half the risk of stomach cancer when compared to those whose intakes were low.8
Green tea
Green tea preparations and extracts have been shown to inhibit tumor formation and growth in laboratory experiments. |
Rebecca Wood
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 They contain lyco-pene, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals with anticarcinogenic properties.
Use The easiest way to slice a tomato is with a serrated knife. To retain its juice, slice lengthwise from stem to blossom end rather than crosswise. Because tomato seeds are hard to digest, it is best to remove them; because the skin is tough, it can also be removed. To seed a tomato, cut it open, set a strainer over a bowl, and squeeze the tomato firmly enough to push out the seeds. Discard the seeds and reserve the juice. |
Earl Mindell
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 Isoflavones
Found in soybeans and other legumes, these phytonutrients are related to flavonoids. In the body they are converted into phytoestrogens (plant estrogens), hormonelike compounds that may help block the growth of hormone-dependent—and other—cancers. They also seem to help lower total cholesterol levels and reduce high blood triglycerides, providing protection against heart disease. (They may even prevent hot flashes in menopausal women.) The best-known isoflavones are genistein and daidzein. |
| The following are just some of the flavonoids you should at least know a little about because they can do a lot for your health!
CATECHINS: These members of the polyphenol-flavonoid family have been found to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus bacteria, which can cause life-threatening infections, as well as help people who eat a high-cholesterol diet maintain normal cholesterol levels and aid in preventing dental caries and gum disease. |
John Heinerman
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 An even earlier study in the same journal (30-.1922-25, July 1970) observed that one of these flavonoids. in particular quercetin, kept this same benzopyrene from becoming active in the liver and small intestines, where liver and colo-rectal cancers frequently occur.
However, the real proof for red clover's effectiveness in fighting off cancer comes from a letter that appeared in the New York Evening Post sometime in the last century, but was originally printed in the Phrenological Journal of December 1867. |
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