Francois Couplan, Ph.D.
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 The leaves contain tannin, a glucoside (arbutin) and flavonoids. They are astringent, diuretic and have an antiseptic action on the urinary tract.
Overdoses can be emetic.
Externally, shinleaf is used as a vulnerary.
Monotropaceae
Monotropa (D 3) Indian Pipe
From the Greek "monos," one, and "trep6," to turn: on M. hypopythis, the flowers are borne only on one side of the stem.
Throughout.
M. uniflora has been used as food. The whole plant can be roasted or boiled. It is rather tasteless by itself.
The roots have antispasmodic, sedative and tonic properties. M. |
Sharol Tilgner, N.D.
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 Consume foods high in carotenes and flavonoids such as yellow/orange vegetables and leafy greens.
• Decrease consumption of red meats and dairy products.
• Consider B-12 and B-6.
• Consider Beta carotene and vitamins C and E.
• Quercetin
• Ground flax seeds or flax oil
Profiles of herbs used in this formula:
Khella, Ammi visnaga, is a powerful antispasmodic for the bronchioles, partially because it is a calcium antagonist.6-7 It is slow to take effect so it is more specific for long term treatment of asthma rather than acute treatment. Its effect lasts up to 6 hours. |
Kathi Keville
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 Though it is often difficult to treat, a couperose complexion can be improved over time, especially if you improve capillary strength with herbs that are high in flavonoids (pigments found in many green and yellow plants). These herbs include hawthorn, ginkgo, Saint-John's-wort, calendula, lemon, peppers, buckwheat and rosehips. Chamomile, lavender, rose and neroli, along with the lesser-known helichrysum, also make weak and broken capillaries stronger and more resilient, soothe delicate skin and reduce puffiness. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D.
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 Both in terms of preventing and treating osteoarthritis with diet, it is critical that the diet be rich in whole natural foods, especially raw fruits and vegetables because of their rich source of nutrients critical to joint health, such as vitamin C, carotenes, and flavonoids.
Glucosamine sulfate (a natural constituent of cartilage), at a dosage of 500 milligrams three times daily, has been shown to produce better results than standard drug therapy for osteoarthritis. |
| Other constituents include flavonoids (primarily quercetin), phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids), sterols, saponins, pectin, and volatile oils.12
History and folk use
Although not as valued a medicinal agent as garlic, onion has been used almost as widely. Like garlic, onion is used as an antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, stomachic, anthelmintic, and antiinfective agent. It has been applied externally as a rubefacient and poultice, giving relief in skin diseases and insect bites. |
| Synergism with vitamin C
Hawthorn flavonoids have very strong "vitamin P" activity. Included in their effects are an ability to increase intracellular vitamin C levels, stabilize vitamin C (by protecting it from destruction or oxidation), and decrease capillary permeability and fragility.4-8-9
Collagen-stabilizing action
Hawthorn's flavonoid components possess significant collagen-stabilizing action. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is responsible for maintaining the integrity of ground substance, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. |
Margarita Artschwager Kay
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 Scottish species Kohleria eriantha contain the flavonoids apigenin, gesnerin, luteolin, and related glucosides and rutinosides. In 1952 an analysis of K. deppeana found 39.55% catechin tannins (see Martinez 1969:321-23).
Kohleria
1. Used for urinary and female problems.
2. High content of tannins suggests astringent action on mucous tissues.
3. No reports of toxicity. |
| Compounds include coatline A and B and other flavonoids in stem and trunk wood, beta-sitosterol in the bark and stem, and coumarin in the trunk bark.
Eysenhardtia
1. Used primarily for kidney disorders.
2. Has antiinflammatory, antitumor, and hypoglycemic compounds.
3. No reports of toxicity.
¦ Gnaphalium (Asteraceae)
EVERLASTING, CUDWEED
Gnaphalium bourgovii A. Gray manzanilla del rio, Mountain Pima, Warijio
Gnaphalium canescens DC. tzonpoton, tiacochichic, cauellos hediondos, Aztec (Xi-menez)
Gnaphalium conoideum H.B.K. |
| Baccharis diterpenes, luteolins, and flavonoids. Also reported to be present are limonene, which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and is antiseptic, and myrcene, which is also antiseptic (Ortiz de Montellano and Browner 1985:77). Although napralert reported no studies by 1990 of biological activity for B. glutinosa, branches have more recently been reported to have 3+ activity against Staphylococcus aureus and 2 + against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus fecalis (Encarnacion and Keer 1991).
Bocconia
1. Has been used for styes, sores, wounds, and headache.
2. |
Bill Gottlieb
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 This ensures that it contains a high concentration of the factors in bilberry, called flavonoids, that heal the capillaries.
He cautions, however, that people with Type 2 diabetes should not take bilberry on their own but should do so only with the approval and supervision of a physician or other certified health professional with experience in the therapeutic use of herbs. snack chips that contain white flour and other highly processed grains. Processed grains dump a load of glucose into the bloodstream. |
Margarita Artschwager Kay
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| Buddleia species contain flavonoids such as rutin (Winkelman 1986:114-15) as well as aucubin, ter-penes, and saponins. In one study no antibiotic activity of extract of B. crotonoides branches was noted (Encarnaci6n and Keer 1991). In another, B. americana was shown to be effective against Shigella flexneri in vitro (Caceres et al. 1993); the leaf of B. americana inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (Caceres et al. 1991).
Bursera (Burseraceae)
ELEPHANT TREE
Bursera confusa Engelm. totokopitkam, torote bianco, Pima Bajo; elephant tree, English
Bursera fagaroides (H.B.K.) Engl. |
Sharol Tilgner, N.D.
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| The seeds contain a fixed oil, protein, organic acids and flavonoids. 257
Contraindications: An overdose of the essential oil can cause nausea, vomiting, seizures and pulmonary edema. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the emmenagogue effect and phytoestrogen activity unless under the guidance of a qualified health care practitioner.404
Fenugreek -
Trigonella foenum-graecum in the Fabaceae or Legume family. Part used: Seed.
Taste/smell: Mucilaginous, bitter, maple-like taste. |
the Editors of PREVENTION
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 Commonly known as bee glue, this sticky substance made by bees to fill the cracks in their hives "is extremely high in aromatic resins, essential oils, and flavonoids, all of which help reduce inflammation and kill viruses and bacteria," says Smith.
Rosemary, Thyme, Peppermint, and Myrrh
Use an herbal mouthwash three or four times a day. Mix six drops each of rosemary, thyme, and peppermint tinctures and two drops of myrrh tincture with J/2 cup of freshly boiled water. |
Prevention Magazine
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 They found that those who got the least flavonoids in their diets were
Phytonutrj.ents at a Glance
Here's a guide to the most potent phytonutrients and the foods with the highest amounts, plus the best ways to prepare the foods to unlock their healing potential. |
| Eat pulpy parts of citrus fruits and keep the skin on apples for the most flavonoids.
Microwave or steam lightly to preserve the phytonutrients.
Isoflavones hold up through processing, so you can save time and buy canned beans.
The recommended amount for optimum benefits is 1 to 2 heaping tablespoons of flaxseed.
Though most of the monoterpenes are found in the citrus peel, you can also get them by drinking the juice.
These ubiquitous phytonutrients are pretty hardy. Just eat a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.
The richest sources are soybeans and chickpeas. |
| When the results were further analyzed, it was revealed that the healthiest men were those getting more than half their flavonoids from black tea, with onions and apples contributing most of the rest.
You don't need to drink rivers of tea to get the benefits. In the Dutch study, the healthiest men drank about 4 cups of tea a day.
Just as tea helps protect arteries leading from the heart, it has a similar effect on those in or leading to the brain, says Dr. Vinson.
In another large study, Dutch researchers looked at the diets of 550 men ages 50 to 69. |
| Then researchers discovered a variety of heart-saving flavonoids, and the produce suddenly looked rich. "Summer squash may have some incredible substance we haven't discovered yet," he says.
Color Them Healthy
The winter squash come in an enormous variety of shapes, sizes, and textures, ranging from baby acorn squash the size of walnuts to impossibly big hubbards the size of bowling pins. Yet there's one thing that they all have in common: strong, intense colors that indicate the presence of healing compounds within. |
| This, in turn, makes LDL cholesterol less likely to stick to artery walls, causing them to become blocked and to harden.
"Flavonoids in red wine are more powerful than vitamin E, which everyone knows is an important antioxidant," says John D. Folts, Ph.D., professor of medicine and director of the coronary thrombosis laboratory at the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison.
Keeping LDL cholesterol in check is a good start against heart disease, but that's not all the quercetin in wine does, says Dr. Folts. It also helps prevent platelets in blood from sticking together. |
Gary Null, Ph.D.
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 The value of antioxidants, particularly beta-carotene; vitamins A, C, and E; flavonoids; selenium; glutathione; superoxide dismutase; coenzyme Q10; and grape seeds cannot be overestimated in disease fighting and prevention. Antioxidants attack free radicals before they do irrevocable damage. Many clinical studies confirm their protective effects, while other research shows that antioxidants increase a patient's tolerance of chemotherapy and radiation.
•Vitamin C...Vitamin C is the prime nutrient when it comes to overall support of the immune system. |
| Bright colors in fresh fruits and vegetables are usually indicative of flavonoids, phytochemicals (or plant chemicals) that are efficient free radical scavengers. Citrin, hesperidin, quercetin, and rutin are names of some of these disease-fighting substances.
•Vitamin E...Much like vitamin C, vitamin E prevents cancer by preventing free radical damage, and activating immune system cells against tumors and infections. In clinical studies, 400 to 1,200 IU daily have been shown to help patients with breast or cervical cancer. |
| Plant pigments known as flavonoids, which can be found in vegetables, fruits, and some beans and grains, provide healthy protection against heart disease that cannot be provided in other forms. However, since studies show that up to 75 percent of the population release too much insulin in response to carbohydrates in the diet, the type and amount of carbohydrate foods may need individual monitoring.
Many Americans were brought up with the notion that only animal products could supply the necessary amounts of protein. |
Kathi Keville
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| You can, however, encourage natural collagen production with herbs and foods that contain lots of vitamin C and compounds commonly associated with vitamin C—rutin, flavonoids and hesperidin. For a complete list of these beneficial herbs and foods, see "Couper-ose Complexion" on page 318. Other herbs, such as gotu kola, echinacea and horsetail, increase skin elasticity and strengthen connective tissue.
So-called antioxidant herbs offer an effective defense against the skin's aging. These herbs encourage cells to regenerate and prevent the formation of free radicals. |
the Editors of PREVENTION
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| Licorice contains flavonoids that have the ability to reduce intestinal inflammation, says Dr. Rona. DGL (degly-cyrrhizinated licorice) is a modified form of licorice root that contains no glycyrrhizin, a compound that can raise blood pressure and deplete potassium stores in the body. DGL chewable tablets have no such side effects, and they're a relatively pleasant way to get the medicine down.
Quercetin
Take 500 to 1,000 milligrams in capsule form 15 to 30 minutes before meals as a preventive measure. |
Margarita Artschwager Kay
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| According to napralert, some Bursera species contain active compounds, including triterpenes, monoterpenes, flavonoids, and steroids. Bursera fagaroides contains beta-peltatin A, and B. microphylla has podophyl-lotoxin. Linalool is present in B. penicillata. The dried bark of Bursera simaruba shows antifungal, cytotoxic, and diuretic activity. The resins contain aromatic triterpenes and etherial oils (Johnson 1992). An extract of branches of B. microphylla proved active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and B. |
the Editors of PREVENTION
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| Also called bee glue, this sticky substance—made by bees to fill the cracks in their hives—"is extremely high in aromatic resins, essential oils, and flavonoids, all of which help to reduce inflammation and kill viruses and bacteria," says Smith.
St. John's Wort
Take V2 to 1 teaspoon of tincture in a glass of water once a day until your symptoms are gone. St. John's wort helps slow the growth of viruses while also quieting emotional stress, says Sherr. In some laboratory and animal studies, a substance in St. |
| The pip, or seed, of the grape, is an especially rich source of flavonoids, according to Dr. Laule. Health food stores often sell this in an antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C. Since antioxidant vitamins are considered vital for maintaining vision, that makes a potent eye-saving combination. You can take this on an ongoing basis.
Pine
Take a daily supplement of bark extract, following instructions on the bottle. |
| It's believed that chamomile's healing properties come from three sources—volatile oils, which are anti-inflammatory; flavonoids, which are antispasmodic; and mucilages, which soothe irritation of the mucous membrane in the stomach.
Cause: Peptic ulcers have two main causes. The first, and most common, is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. This infection can result in an open sore, or ulcer, developing on the stomach wall or in the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine that's connected to the stomach). |
Francois Couplan, Ph.D.
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| The peduncles contain tannin, potassium and flavonoids.
They are astringent and diuretic.
The leaves are sometimes used as a pectoral remedy.
The transluscent, mucilaginous gum exuding from the trunk is edible. It is said that a hundred people resisted a two-month long siege with this gum as their only food.
P. cerasus (= Cerasus vulgaris), sour cherry - from S.W. Asia - cultivated throughout the world for its edible fruit and sometimes found as an escape in N.Am.
Many varieties are known, some with sweet, juicy fruits which are edible raw. |
| The rootstock contains tannin, starch, resin, flavonoids and various other substances.
The whole plant is used as an astringent, tonic and antispasmodic.
The thin rhizome of P. erecta (= P. tormentilla), tormentil - introduced from Eurasia in E. N.Am. - has been used as a famine food in Europe.
However, it contains up to 20% tannin and is extremely astringent and bitter. It must be boiled in several changes of water before it becomes somewhat palatable.
It also contains a glucoside (tormentillin), a bitter principle and other substances.
It is used as an astringent, tonic and hemostatic. |
| The leaves contain tannins, organic acids, an alkaloid (bursin), minerals and various substances (such as flavonoids and acetylcholine).
The whole plant is hemostatic, tonic and diuretic. It is preferable to use it fresh. The juice expressed from it can be employed medicinally.
Cardamine (B-H 2-3) Bitter Cress (including Dentaria spp.)
Greek and Latin name of a cress - "kardamon" - probably the garden cress, Lepidium sativum.
Throughout. Both native and introduced species.
The leaves of these plants are edible raw or cooked, and several species are used as food in America, Europe and Asia. |
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