Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts |  For example, the flavonoids act as a free radical scavenger, while the terpenes, particularly ginkgolide B, interfere with or block the action of platelet activating factor. (PAF has been implicated in asthma, allergies, immune disorders, etc.) Both free radical formation and PAF can disrupt vascular membranes, resulting in increased vascular permeability, which in turn is associated with the impairment of cerebral blood flow seen particularly in elderly humans and dogs.
Ginkgo biloba extract appears to delay mental deterioration during the early states of Alzheimer's disease. | | These include vitamins, flavonoids, and other compounds found in fresh fruits and vegetables.
Many pet foods are laced with various cancer-causing chemicals such as preservatives, pesticides, hormones, and herbicides. Couple this with contaminated water and our pets are constantly being assaulted by chemicals that the body must detoxify. (For information on detoxification, see chapter 10.)
THE TERRAIN IS EVERYTHING
Before Louis Pasteur died, he pronounced, "I have been wrong. The germ is nothing. The terrain is everything. |
Michael Tierra
See book keywords and concepts |  Vitex
Vitex agnus-castus
Common Names: Vitex, Chaste tree, Hemp tree, Monk's pepper, Chaste-berries Family: Verbenaceae Part Used: Fruit
Energy and Flavors: Bitter, acrid, cool Systems Affected: Liver, spleen
Biochemical Constituents: Volatile oil, glycosides, flavonoids, castine
(a bitter principle) Properties: Tonic, emmenagogue
Dose: 3-6 grams in defusion of the dried and ground berries three times daily; of the tincture, 10-30 drops
Notes: As the name suggests, chaste berries were used in ancient times to suppress libido in temple priestesses. |
Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Green Tea
Green tea can be helpful in three ways: It is a powerful antioxidant; it is a rich source of "flavonoids," which reduce risk of stroke; and it contains caffeine, which can be an effective cognitive enhancement agent, when used cautiously.
Green tea contains antioxidant polyphenols, including cate-chins and quercetin, which can increase antioxidant activity in the blood by as much as 50 percent. This increased activity occurs about half an hour after drinking the tea.
Green tea also improves the efficiency of the liver's enzyme detoxification system. |
James F. Balch, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  You know how bad blueberries can stain things, but they do not even compare with the amount of pigment (remember, flavonoids are pigments) in bilberries. The bilberry contains more anthocyanidins than any other fruit. The bilberry also contains the important antioxidant minerals zinc, manganese (used to build SOD), and selenium.
What Does Bilberry Do?
The main effect of bilberry is in improving circulation and blood vessel health, but the number one beneficiary of that action is your eyes. | | European researchers have discovered that the active ingredient in hawthorn is the oligomeric procyanidins, a complex of flavonoids. This flavonoid complex helps the heart pump more efficiently by increasing blood supply to the heart muscle through vasodilatation through the coronary arteries, increasing the heart's output of blood, and decreasing the peripheral vessel resistance, which improves blood flow. The overall result is a stronger, healthier heart with improved circulation. | | Herbal Antioxidants and the Tissues They Protect
Herbal Medicine Flavonoid (Antioxidant) Name Tissues Protected
Hawthorn oligomeric procyanadins, heart, circulatory vitexin system
Bilberry anthocyanosides eyes, circulatory system
Ginkgo glycosides, ginkgolides, brain, nervous system, bilobasides cardiovascular system
Milk thistle silymarin liver, gallbladder
"Beneficial effects of the flavonoids found in three herbs— gingko, bilberry, and milk thistle—are well documented. | | These flavonoids block the production of an enzyme called aldose reductase, which is known to be involved in cataract formation.
Our recommendations for preventing cataracts are simply to implement an antioxidant supplementation program and stick with it. There are no short-term treatments. Cataracts take years to develop, usually in a person's fifties and sixties, so you need to be taking preventive measures for years before a problem has a chance to develop. That program should include the standards: vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and Pycnogenol or grape seed extract. |
Michael Tierra
See book keywords and concepts | | Besides these, the plant also contains volatile oils, flavonoids, sterols, and triterpenes, as well as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It is the phenylalkylamines (called cathines), that are responsible for the central nervous system stimulant activity.
Properties: Stimulant and tonic, similar to the use of coca leaves in South America. | | Family: Meliaceae
Parts Used: Bark, leaves and seeds
Energy and Flavor: Bitter, astringent
Systems Affected: Skin, lungs, colon
Biochemical Constituents: Terpenoids such as the azadirachtins, triterpenoid bitters, tannins, flavonoids, etc. Properties: Antiinflammatory, antipyretic, anthelmintic, astringent Dose: Standard decoction of the leaves or bark; of the tincture, 10-30 drops
Good for: Inflammations, fevers, skin diseases, gum disease, as an agricultural spray against insects
Notes: Neem seed oil is used in India as a treatment for a wide variety of skin diseases. |
Alan Keith Tillotson, Ph.D., A.H.G., D.Ay.
See book keywords and concepts |  Protection
Turmeric root, wheat sprouts, schisandra berries, amla fruit, beet root, and milk thistle seed are major sources of protective antioxidants for the liver cells, as are fruits that contain flavonoids, especially citrus fruits. These should be used to prevent development of inflammatory disease, or for damage protection as in the case of persons taking strong chemical drugs or undergoing chemotherapy.
Correcting Deficiency
The liver can become weakened and deficient. If this is not corrected, it can lead to liver atrophy and depletion of glycogen stores, even hepatitis. |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts | | Antioxidant activity is common to flavonoids, and it is hypothesized that these at least in part afford astragalus its cardioprotective activity.19 In one study in humans with ischemic heart disease, ninety-two patients who were treated with astragalus experienced marked improvement in angina, as well as significant objective improvement in ECG compared to controls.20
Cordyceps
Cordyceps is a Chinese medicinal mushroom that is used in the treatment of a number of varying diseases. It is one of my favorite herbs due to its efficacy and versatility. |
Linda B. White, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Rich in flavonoids and proanthocyanadins, hawthorn has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, reduces cholesterol, and
Nutrients for Healthy Legs
As with any disease involving the heart or blood vessels, it's important to refocus your diet on healthful low-fat, high-fiber foods. In addition, scientific studies have shown the following supplements to be useful.
ž Vitamin B6. Deficiency of this key B vitamin appears to be a major cause of heart disease. It can be taken as part of a good quality multivitamin or a B-complex combination. Typical dosage: 25 to 50 milligrams of Bb per day. | | Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
This herb contains flavonoids called anthocyanosides that function as potent antioxidants, inhibit the release of inflammatory compounds, help maintain the health of capillaries, and relax small blood vessels— all good things for people with Raynaud's. It also helps preserve the small vessels after circulation has been temporarily and drastically curtailed, which happens upon exposure to cold. | | European products are standardized to oligometric procyanidins and flavonoids.
Uses: Angina, coronary insufficiency, early stages of congestive heart failure. Preliminary experiments in China show that preparations of hawthorn berries may help prevent and treat hardening of the arteries.
Caution: May interact with digitalis.
Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
Also called: White horehound.
Source: Throughout much of Europe,- naturalized in North America. Part used: Whole herb.
Forms available: Teas, cough drops, candies. Uses: Coughs, catarrh, appetite loss, dyspepsia. | | Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)
This tension-easing herb also helps dispel gas and can increase the flow of bile, which aids digestion. The flavonoids from chamomile have been shown to relax the muscle of the intestines, decreasing spasms. Chamomile is also an anti-inflammatory. It is best used as an after-dinner tea, perhaps mixed with peppermint. Typical dosage: 3 to 4 cups of tea per day (steep V2 to 1 teaspoon of dried flowers in 1 cup of hot water for 10 minutes). Caution: Those allergic to ragweed may be allergic to chamomile. |
Laurie Deutsch Mozian, M.S., R.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Flaxseeds also contain flavonoids, coumaric acid, and phenolic phytochemicals.
The benefits of flaxseed can be made available upon grinding the flaxseed into meal or flour. The flax flour can then be used in recipes as a substitute for 10 percent of the total wheat flour content without negatively altering the taste of the recipe. The flax flour will provide a nutty flavor to the product. The ground flaxseed also can be sprinkled in yogurt or on breakfast cereal. A small electric coffee bean grinder works well for grinding the flaxseeds into meal. Flaxseeds are sold in natural food stores. |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts | | An interesting animal study of Crataegus flavonoids revealed that different flavonoid constituents have differing effects on the heart, some increasing coronary flow, left ventricular pressure, and heart rate, and others not affecting any of these parameters at all.25 This balanced effect is seen in many medicinal herbs. This is one important aspect that differentiates herbs and drugs.
Ginkgo
In general, ginkgo exerts its vascular effects primarily by affecting the cells that line the blood vessels and the tone of the smooth muscle cells of the vessels. |
Michael Tierra
See book keywords and concepts | | WESTERN HERBS
Acorns
Quercus species
Parts Used: Fruit of the acorn tree
Energy and Flavors: Sweet, mildly bland and slightly bitter depending upon how well they have been leached Systems Affected: Nutritive systems, lungs
Biochemical Constituents: Tannins, flavonoids, sugar, starch, albumin and fats
Properties: Nutritive tonic, demulcent, astringent Dose: Freely as desired Used for: Nutrition
Notes: Acorns are an ideal food for those with wasting, degenerative diseases such as TB and AIDS. |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts | | Hypericum contains numerous biologically active constituents, including hypericin and its derivatives, hyperforin, flavonoids, catachin, and others. Since there are several compounds within St. John's wort extract, it has been difficult to study the precise way this herb works in relieving depression. Perhaps the combination of compounds has a synergistic therapeutic value, while individual ingredients would, on their own, have little effect. |
Alan Keith Tillotson, Ph.D., A.H.G., D.Ay.
See book keywords and concepts | | Product 2 contains 90 capsules of milk thistle extract, 200 mg (80% flavonoids), and costs $12.50.
We need to calculate how much each product costs per gram.
Product 1: 120 capsules x 150 mg -18,000 mg for $13.50
If we divide by 1,000, we see that this product costs $13.50 for 18 grams, or 750 per gram.
We are now in a revolution where low-cost Internet and catalog shopping are taking significant market share from the health food stores. Because of mass buying and lower infrastructure costs, they can offer things at lower cost, and often with great convenience. | | The label might read "milk thistle, 500 mg, standardized to contain 80% flavonoids." The small print on the label reveals that the product is actually a mixture of 80 mg of standardized herb and 420 mg of herb that is not standardized, possibly making the product weaker and less effective.
Beware of "Synergistic," "Balanced," "Natural," and "Best"
Labels often contain lots of words that are full of sound and fury, yet signify next to nothing. If something is "synergistic," it means that the combined effect of all the parts working together is stronger than that of the individual elements. | | RATING: Yellow
If you think of vitamin C as Pavarotti (the opera singer), then flavonoids act like the supporting orchestra. The big guy sounds great by himself, but he's even better with a good orchestra in the background.
SAFETY ISSUES: Do not use in high dosage with restricted urination.
STARTING DOSAGE:
• Fresh or frozen whole berry: for therapeutic benefit, eat 1 to 2 pounds per week.
Berries are my favorite fruits. They are low in calories and high in colorful flavonoid nutrients. | | The flavonoids in milk thistle seed (Silybum marianum) have an affinity for and are stored in the liver.
• Ginkgo leaves (Ginkgo biloba) exhibit numerous membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant effects on neural tissue, as well as increasing the transport of glucose and oxygen into nerve cells.
Pathologists look for disease by examining specific tissue changes and accumulations of toxic materials such as proteins, fats, and other substances. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  These options are high in vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber, as well as a wealth of phytochemicals, such as isoflavones, ellagic acid, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Add nuts to salads, rice dishes, and fruit dishes. Several times a week include bean dishes, such as split pea soup, chili, fat-free refried bean burritos, or black beans and
11 Am rice. Add beans to chili, make fat-free bean dip, serve beans as a side dish, or order bean-based soups at restaurants.
BROWN BAG LUNCHES
You can bring your lunch to work even if your office doesn't have a refrigerator. | | Other phytochemicals include the polyphenols like camosol in rosemary leaves or curcurmin in mustard and curry, the flavonoids like quercetin in berries and onions, or rutin in citrus fruits, and kaempferal in kale and other greens. These and 12,000 other phytochemicals work as teams with nutrients and fiber to strengthen the body's defenses against disease.
Since our bodies evolved on diets that contained pounds, not ounces, of produce, it's likely our bodies function best on a high level of these phytochemicals. |
James F. Balch, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | The Chinese always claimed that tea slows aging, but it was not until we understood the role of oxidation in aging and the antioxidant function of flavonoids that we knew how this mechanism might work. In trying out a new computerized system for measuring chemicals, researchers at University of California-Berkeley found that green tea extract was the best at scavenging the deadly hydroxyl radicals. It was followed by grape seed extract, Pycnogenol, ginkgo biloba, and other commercial flavonoid blends. |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts | | We also get a full range of plant compounds such as lignins and flavonoids, which possess antiinflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant effects.
I have found the Pacific yew to be a promising adjunct to cancer therapy. Remember, synergism between many therapeutic modalities is the answer in cancer treatments. chapter 16
Putting It All Together
Modern veterinary medicine as well as human medicine is growing daily by leaps and bounds with new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. We should all be thankful that modern medicine is available for acute life-threatening situations. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |  Flavonoids and polyphenols found in lemon balm have been identified as inducing thyroid-regulating actions. They block attachment to thyroid cells by the antibodies that cause Graves' disease. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is also blocked from further stimulating the excessively active thyroid gland.
• Herpesvirus infection. Treatment of herpes infections is complicated by the fact that the virus can become resistant to drug treatment. Lemon balm expands the possibilities of treatment and is useful when prescription treatments fail. |
J. E. Williams, O.M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Bupleurum contains several saponin compounds (saikos-aponin c, a, and d), triterpene glycosides (saikosides), the essential oils furfural and bupleurumol, and flavonoids. It is reported to have antiinflammatory properties, to activate phagocytosis, and be liver protective; it stimulates T and B cells, and inhibits herpes simplex and other viruses. In Chinese medicine, the root is used medicinally to treat unresolved respiratory tract infections and hepatitis. However, it is not used alone, but combined with other herbs. |
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