Russell L. Blaylock, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  A multitude of reports demonstrate that several of the flavones, quercetin, rutin and the flavanone, hesperidin, can significantly protect this retinal barrier and improve the strength of the capillaries in the eye. One would assume, since they have the same composition, that the blood-brain barrier would likewise be strengthened by flavone-flavanone supplementation. In general, these compounds are relatively cheap and non-toxic. It would be worthwhile to supplement those in danger of barrier disruption, such as hypertensives, diabetics and those with multiple sclerosis. |
Dr. Gary Null
See book keywords and concepts |  Several herbal extracts show promise for more natural birth control than is offered by the pill; flavones extracted from the plant Striga lutea have demonstrated significant antifertility activity in rats and mice, and a herbal medicine based on Vicoa indica has prevented conception without side effects. The daily urine assay method of birth control seems effective with perfect use, but prone to high levels of failure with faulty use, according to one study. | | Acacetin and luteolin, flavones isolated from the plant Striga lutea, were administered orally to rats from days 1 to 4 of pregnancy. Results showed dose-dependent anti-implantation activity: one dose at 10 mg/kg body weight on day 1, 2, or 3 of pregnancy was 100 percent effective in preventing implantation.
S. P. Hiremath and S. H. Rao, "Antifertility Efficacy of the Plant Striga Lutea (Scrophulariacae) on Rats," Contraception 42, no. 4 (October 1990): 467-77.
Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts from Striga lutea show significant antifertility activity in mice.
S. P. Hiremath et al. |
Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Assembly of Life Sciences National Research Council
See book keywords and concepts |  Yet, as the data reviewed in Chapters 13 and 15 indicate, at least some of the compounds in food (e.g., flavones, isothiocyanates) that have been implicated in the causation or prevention of cancer are food constituents other than nutrients (or additives, or contaminants). |
Thomas Bartram
See book keywords and concepts |  FLAVONOIDS. flavones. Natural chemicals that prevent the deposit of fatty material in blood vessels. A group of coloured (yellow) aromatic plant constituents with a spicy taste and smell, chiefly due to the presence of benzene. Efficient absorption of Vitamin C is dependent upon them. Their action is chiefly diuretic, antispasmodic and antiseptic. Some strengthen fragile capillaries and tone relaxed blood vessels, as in veinous disorders. They lower blood pressure. |
Andrew Chevallier
See book keywords and concepts |  Constituents Rosebay willowherb contains flavones and tannins. History & Folklore The leaves of rosebay willowherb were taken in Europe as an astringent tea. In Siberia, an alcoholic drink has been made from this herb and the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria). Medicinal Actions & Uses Demulcent and astringent, rosebay willowherb treats diarrhea, mucous colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. It has also been made into an ointment to soothe skin problems in children. Rosebay willowherb has been used in Germany and Austria to treat prostate problems. | | Constituents White deadnettle contains a saponin, flavones, mucilage, and tannins. History & Folklore Deadnettle is so called because it resembles true nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 145), without the stinging hairs. It was also known as archangel, a plant "to make the heart merry, to make a good colour in the face, and to refresh the vital spirits" (John Gerard, The Herball, 1597).
White deadnettle is used to treat gynecological conditions.
Medicinal Actions & Uses White deadnettle is astringent and demulcent. | | Constituents Java tea contains flavones (including sinensetin), a glycoside (orthosiphonin), a volatile oil, and large amounts of potassium. History & Folklore The plant's Dutch Indonesian name, koemis koetjing (cat's whiskers), probablv derives from its long whiskery stamens.
Medicinal Actions & Uses Java tea is listed in the French, Indonesian, Dutch, and Swiss pharmacopoeias. The herb is thought to increase the kidneys' ability to eliminate nitrogen-containing compounds. |
Christian Ratsch
See book keywords and concepts |  The leaves of the American plant contain the flavones myricetin and quercetin (cf. Psidium guajava, Vaccinium uliginosum) as well as arbutin, hydrochinone, and gallic acid (Veit et al. 1992). A closely related Mexican species, Arctostaphylos arguta (Zucc.) DC., is known in the local vernacular as madrono borracho ("drunken strawberry tree"), which may indicate a possible psychoactive activity (Martinez 1994, 205*).
One very popular admixture is the inner bark of Cornus stolonifera Michx., which is also often smoked by itself and is also known by the name kinnikinnik (Johnston 1970, 317*). | | The herbage contains azulene, butenolide, coumarins, flavones, poly-acetylenes, lactones, and sesquiterpenes (arme-folin, 8-a-acetoxyarmexifolin, artemexifolin) (Argueta et al. 1994, 628*; Dibble 1966, 66*; Lara Ochoa and Marquez Alonso 1996, 55*). Although it is likely present, thujone has not yet been detected.
A sample from Arizona was found to contain the eudesmanolides (sesquiterpene lactones) douglanin, ludovicin-A, ludovicin-B, and ludo-vicin-C. | | The flavones acacetin and O-methyl-acacetin have also been found (Herz and Kumar 1980). Several studies have indicated the presence of an alkaloid (?) of unknown structure that has mild psychoactive and central sedative properties. According to Diaz (1979, 79*), there are different chemical races of the plant, of which one is psychoactive while the other(s) are not. This would explain why Chontal healers distinguish between "good" and "bad" specimens of the plant.
The active ingredients are water soluble. They may also be alcohol soluble, as tinctures are also used (cf. Schuldes 1995, 23*). | | The pollen contains A9-THC as well as THCA, an alkaloid-like substance, flavones, and phenolic compounds (Paris et al. 1975).
The leaves of Cannabis sativa have be shown to contain choline, trigonelline, muscarine, an unidentified betaine, and, astonishingly, hordenine, a (3-phenethylamine alkaloid present in many cacti (El-Feraly and Turner 1975). The leaves of Thai and African populations have yielded water-soluble glycoproteins, serine-O-galactoside, and hydroxyproline (Hillestad and Wold 1977; Hillestad et al. 1977). | | In contrast to the other species of the genus, Ephedra andina does not contain any ephedrine, although vicenine-I and -II as well as flavones and camphor oil have been demonstrated to be present (Gurni and Wagner 1982; Montes and Wilko-mirsky 1987, 40*). Further research is needed to determine whether this plant is psychoactive. The very similar species Ephedra multiflora Phil, is also known as pingo-pingo (Aldunate et al. 1981,209*).
Ephedra breana Phil.—pingo-pingo
This species grows into a proper tree that develops a woody, thick trunk as large as 20 cm in diameter. | | The herbage contains flavones (apiine) and furanocoumarin (cf. cou-marins). The fruits are rich in a fatty oil (petro-selinic acid). The roots contain polyacetylene and furanocoumarin. Parsley herbage has a high vitamin C content (165 mg per 100 g) and also contains nicotine amide and considerable potassium (1%).
Effects
The essential oil of the apiol race has powerful abortive effects (Fuhner 1943, 240*) and also can induce coma (Frank 1994, 109). |
Ruth Winter, M.S.
See book keywords and concepts |  The flowers contain saponins, tannin, essential oil, flavones, bitter principle, and mucilage (see all). Daisy is used for coughs and inflammations of the mucous lining. It reputedly also helps arthritis, as well as liver and kidney problems. BENTONITE • A white clay found in the midwestern United States and in Canada. Used to thicken lotions, to suspend makeup pigments, and to emulsify oils, and used in makeup lotions, liquid makeup, and facial masks to absorb oil on the face and reduce shine. Also used as a coloring. Inert and generally nontoxic, but if injected in rats, it can be fatal. | | An extract of the various species of Hieracium, its ingredients include coumarin, flavones, and flavonoids. Used as an antispasmodic, expectorant, and astringent. It is used for respiratory problems where there is inflammation and a lot of mucus being formed. It is used by herbalists to treat bronchitis and bronchial asthma. It has been used in poultices for wound healing.
HAWTHORN BERRY • Crataegus oxycantha. Mayblossom. A spring-flowering shrub or tree. |
James A. Duke, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  If you want to try hawthorn, I'd recommend buying a standardized extract containing 10 milligrams of flavonoids, 5 milligrams of flavones (a category of flavonoids), or 5 milligrams of oligo-meric procyanidins. For dosage, follow the label directions.
Hawthorn is safe to use for extended periods of time, according to the studies that I've reviewed. Still, if you have any cardiovascular condition, you should check with your doctor before taking hawthorn. Your doctor may need to adjust your dosage of any other heart medication that you've been prescribed.
GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) AND ONION
{A. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik
See book keywords and concepts |  Inhibition of human estrogen synthetase (aromatase) by flavones. Science. 1984; 225:1032-1034.
Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, et al. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology. 1998; 139:4256-4263.
Nagao A, Seki M, Kobayashi H. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavcinoids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1999; 63:1787-1790.
Paladini AC, Marder M, Viola H, et al. Flavonoids and the central nervous system: from forgotten factors to potent anxiolytc compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999; 51:519-526.
Salgueri ro JB, Ardenghi P, Dias M, et al. |
Thomas Bartram
See book keywords and concepts | | Constituents: glycosyl flavones, proteins, Vitamin E. oil, proteins.
Action: nerve restorative, antidepressant, tranquilliser, brain tonic. Cardiac tonic BHP (1983). Nutrient with selective action on brain and nerve cells. Source of minerals. Thymoleptic. Improves performance of athletes and stamina.
"Oats have the highest content of iron, zinc and manganese of all grain species." (Dr A. Vogel) Uses. Benzodiazepine, Valium or other drug addiction - with Valerian and Skullcap to assist withdrawal. Alcoholism. Nerve and physical weakness with depression and anxiety. |
Mark Blumenthal
See book keywords and concepts |  In Germany, the content of ginkgolic acid is limited to a concentration of 5 parts per million (ppm). Scientific literature gives little or no support of the clinical benefits of other dosage forms of crude ginkgo leaf or low concentration extracts made from the leaf (Blumenthal etal., 2000).
Primary Uses Neurology
• Cerebral insufficiency:
The German Commission E approved ginkgo for the following symptoms resulting from demential syndromes: memory deficit, poor concentration, depression, dizziness, tinnitus, and headache (Blumenthal et al. |
Thomas Bartram
See book keywords and concepts | | Constituents: flavones, glycosides. Uses. Kidney disorders. (Traditional) Preparation. Tea. 1-2 teaspoons leaves to each cup water gently simmered 15 minutes. 1 cup 2-
3 times daily.
JELLY FISH STING. Antihistamines indicated: (topical). Plant juices: pulp of leaves of any one-Plantain, Aloe Vera, Houseleek, Garlic, Marigold, Comfrey. Oil Eucalyptus. Witch Hazel water. Neat Cider vinegar. Internal: Echinacea. Acid tincture of Lobelia (10-20 drops). Wounds may be severe enough to require surgical exploration, herbal antibiotic therapy or tetanus prophylaxis. |
Patrick Quillin, PhD,RD,CNS
See book keywords and concepts |  Some of the main categories of bioflavonoids include: 0 anthocyanins; deep purple compounds found in black grapes, beets, red onions, and berries {} catechins and epigallocatechin, which are polyphenols found in apples and green tea
() ellagic acid, a true anti-cancer compound found in cranberries, raspberries, and other berries, v" flavones, found in citrus fruit, red grapes and green beans 0 flavanols, such as quercetin, myricetin, found in kale, spinach, onions, apples, and black tea
() flavanones, such as hesperidin and naringen found in citrus fruits of grapefruit, oranges and lemons. |
John Boik
See book keywords and concepts |  For example, citrus fruits contain high levels of flavones and flavanones; green tea contains high levels of catechins (17 to 30% of dry weight) and gallic acid phenolics; red, blue, and purple fruits such as berries, grapes, and pomegranates contain high levels of anthocyanins; and pine bark and grape seeds contain high levels of OPC. Small molecular weight flavonoids are responsible for the tartness and bitterness of many fruits, whereas large molecular weight flavonoids (tannins), are responsible for their astringency.
Some researchers question the bioavailability of flavonoids. | | In a study on dogs with induced myocardial infarction, flavones from Andrographis paniculata increased plasma 6-keto-PGFl-alpha production, decreased TXB2 production, decreased
1 Thromboxane B2 is a metabolite of thromboxane A^ 6-keto-PGFlalpha is a stable metabolite of PGI2 and therefore can be used to measure PGL, levels. Many prostaglandins are difficult to measure directly in vivo since they are rapidly metabolized in the body.
2 Smooth muscle cells surround blood vessels larger than capillaries. platelet aggregation, and inhibited thrombus formation (Zhao and Fang, 1991). | | RELATIVE SURVIVAL RATES FOR PATIENTS WITH COLON AND RECTAL CANCERS
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Year after diagnosis
COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
Risk factors for colorectal carcinoma includes familial polyposis syndromes; inflammatory bowel disease; a past history of colorectal, breast, or endometrial cancer; decreased physical activity; a high-fat and low-fiber diet; and low intake of vitamin C, calcium, selenium, flavones and indoles.
Signs and symptoms include vague abdominal pain, peptic-ulcer-like symptoms, low-grade chronic blood loss in stool, alterations in bowel habits, and tenesmus. |
Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Four of the chaparral flavones demonstrated potent antiviral activity (7).
Fluid extracts of this Western bush have also been shown to have germicidal activity against five different kinds of bacteria (8).
Side Effects: Contact with the resins of the creosote bush can cause an allergic skin reaction called "contact dermatitis" (9). Taken internally, NDGA's ability to harm the kidneys has also been known for years. It is especially dangerous when combined with endotoxins, a byproduct of bacteria sometimes found in biological drugs (10). |
Michael Lerner
See book keywords and concepts |  These agents, which include phenols, indoles, aromatic isothiocyanates, methylated flavones, coumarins, plant sterols, selenium salts, protease inhibitors, ascorbic acid, tocophereols, retinols, and carotenes, interrupt cancer initiation and promotion stages. Foods that contain these substances include vegetables in the cabbage family, onions and related vegetables, winter squashes, carrots, and a number of other plant foods. |
Gary Null
See book keywords and concepts |  Vitamin C complex or C-2 is used to describe the inseparable partnership of the flavones and vitamin C. Vitamin P symbolizes the positive effects that bioflavonoids have on the permeability of the capillaries.
Confused? Don't feel bad. Even the experts don't agree on what to call these substances, nor even on whether or not they deserve to be called vitamins.
Why the confusion? The controversy hovers around these questions: Does the bioflavonoid complex play an essential role in the metabolic processes of your body? | | Uncovered by the Nobel prize-winning biochemist who also discovered vitamin C,1 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, these brightly colored nutrients are also known as citrin, vitamin C-2, flavones, flavonols, and flavonones.2
Let's take a brief look at some of the names used to identify the bioflavonoids, and what they mean: Bioflavonoids are nutrients with vitaminlike qualities; they are water soluble and always occur in combination with vitamin C. Bioflavonoids could be defined as compounds that perform biological functions in the human body. |
Dr. Mary Dan Eades
See book keywords and concepts |  Although there are over 1500 flavonoids, some of the more "popular" ones include flavones, flavonols (quercetin, ginkgo, rutin), and flavanones.
Flavonoids fight against allergies, inflammation, free radicals, ulcers, viruses, and tumors. They also inhibit specific enzymes that cause health problems. For example, they block the enzyme that raises blood pressure. |
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