The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts |
BETA-CAROTENE
Can cause hypetcarotenemia (increased blood carotene) with yellowing of skin which is reversible on discontinuation and also harmless? Patients suffering from liver damage should avoid niacin, vitamin A, and beta-carotene because these nutrients can be hatmful to such patients. Also, the Life Extension Foundation recommends against high doses of beta-catotene in AIDS patients who have hepatitis.
BIOFLAVONOIDS
One report of immune hemolysis is noted."
BISMUTH
Do not use if you have kidney or livet disease. May cause dizziness, headache, or diarrhea. |
Bill Sardi See book keywords and concepts |
J National Cancer Institute 97: 195-99, 2005] Diets low in alcohol intake and consist of vitamin D and carotenes (beta carotene, lycopene, lutein) which are skin antioxidants, may reduce the risk for melanoma. [Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention 13: 1042-51, 2004]
Why not prevent them all?
There are so many types of cancer to prevent. Should adults take one pill to prevent "this" type of cancer, and another pill for "thaf type of cancer? There are chemopreventive molecules that have widespread anti-cancer action. |
Stephen T., M.D. Sinatra See book keywords and concepts |
Beta carotene has become the focus of much research. In large population studies, people eating foods high in beta carotene had fewer heart attacks than those taking less beta carotene. Both vitamin A and beta carotene are extremely important to the immune mechanisms of the body and may help to fight the common cold and other flu-like illnesses. Beta carotene also has been reported to protect the lungs from ozone and smog in polluted city environments and is helpful in combating the toxic effects of automobile emissions. |
Mark Sircus See book keywords and concepts |
Atkinson et al found a 14nm thick trilaminar layer outside the cell wall proper which was extremely resistant to breakage and thought to be composed of a polymerised carotene like material.
Laboratory studies showed that there were two active absorbing substances ?sporopollenin (a naturally occurring carotene like polymer which is resistant to degradation) and the algae cell walls. The fibrous material augments healthy digestion and overall digestive track health. |
Andreas Moritz See book keywords and concepts |
The small intestine can only absorb vitamin A and carotene sufficiently if fat absorption is normal. If vitamin A absorption is insufficient, the epithelial cells become damaged. These cells form an essential part of all the organs, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and so on in the body. Vitamin A is also necessary to maintain healthy eyes and protect against or reduce microbial infection. Vitamin D is essential for calcification of bones and teeth.5 It is of great importance to realize that supplementing these vitamins does not resolve the problem of deficiency. |
Ralph W. Moss, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts |
They looked at the dietary and blood concentrations of carotene and various vitamin A look-alikes.
On average, the breast cancer patients also had lower concentrations of beta-carotene in their blood. But doctors could not say whether such low carotene levels were a cause of the illness, or simply the result, of the disease process (4).
Unfortunately, there have been few studies that have tested high doses of beta-carotene as a treatment against human cancer. |
Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts |
West KP, Katz J, Khatry S et al: Double blind, cluster randomized trial of low dose supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene on mortality related to pregnancy in Nepal. BMJ; 318:570-575. 1999
Bromelain description
Bromelain is a concentrated mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the pineapple plant Ananas comosus. Commercial bromelain is not a chemically homogeneous substance because if the enzyme is highly purified it loses its stability and most of its physiological activity. |
| Harris RW, Key TJ, Silcocks PB, et al: A case-control study of dietary carotene in men with lung cancer and in men with other epithelial cancers. Nutr Cancer 15:63-68. 1991.
Helzlsourer KJ, Alberg AJ, Norkus EP, et al: Prospective study of serum micronutrients and ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 88(l):32-37. 1996.
Hoppe PP, Kramer K, van den Berg H, et al: Synthetic and Tomato-based lycopene have identical bioavailability in humans. Eur J Nutr 42:272-278. 2003.
Hsing AW, Comstock GW, Abbey H, et al: Serologic precursors of cancer. |
| Other Names: Mengkudu actions and pharmacology
CONSTITUENTS
Numerous components have been identified in the noni plant, such as scopoletin, octoanoic acid, potassium, vitamin C, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones (such as nordamnacan-thal, molindone, rubiadin, and rubiadin-1-methyl ether, an-thraquinone glycoside), -sitosterol, carotene, vitamin A, flavone glycosides, linoleic acid, alizarin, amino acids, L-asperuloside, caproic acid, caprylic acid, ursolic acid and rutin. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts |
Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study nested within the carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12, 1410-1416.
29. Tsai, C. J., Cohn, B. A., Cirillo, P. M., Feldman, D., Stanczyk, F. Z., and Whittemore, A. S. (2006). Sex steroid hormones in young manhood and the risk of subsequent prostate cancer: A longitudinal study in African-Americans and Caucasians (United States). Cancer Causes Control 17, 1237-1244.
30. Nomura, A., Heilbrun, L. K., Stemmermann, G. N., and Judd, H. L. (1988). |
| In addition, with the exception of a slight carotene protective effect on early-stage laryngeal cancer, other upper aerodigestive cancers were not affected [54], although a dose-responsive decrease in mortality with increasing vitamin E serum levels was noted [55]. |
| Data on the use of antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin E, carotene, and other supplements, have not yielded positive results for improved glycemic or lipid control [127]. Foods with high antioxidant potential, such as coffee and cinnamon, have received increased attention in the diabetes literature over the past several years.
Coffee consumption has been associated with improved glucose tolerance and lower risk of type 2 diabetes in diverse populations from Europe, United States, and Japan [128-130]. |
Dr. Joseph M. Kadans, N.D. See book keywords and concepts |
Scientists around the world are not entirely in agreement as to how much carotene (vegetable pigment converted in the liver by the enzyme carotenase into Vitamin A) is equivalent to an International Unit of Vitamin A. The units shown in the encyclopedia for Vitamin A are on the basis of one I.U. of Vitamin A being equal to 0.6 microgram of beta carotene and 1.2 micrograms of other carotenes having Vitamin A activity. A microgram is one-millionth part of a gram. As an example, carrots are shown having carotene as 12,000 I.U. per 100 grams. When this number of I.U. is multiplied by 1. |
Susun S. Weed See book keywords and concepts |
Over 800 different carotenes have been found, including lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and the familiar beta carotene. Carotenes block the initiation and promotion of cancer by binding free radicals, protecting the DNA from radiation and chemicals, and nourishing the production of anti-cancer enzymes in the digestive tract. Carotenes enhance production of interleukins, lymphocytes, and many kinds of T-cells (e.g., helper cells and natural killer cells); they also enhance intracellular communication. |
Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George See book keywords and concepts |
In a study conducted by researchers in Japan who analyzed the food consumption habits of sixty-four Japanese AD patients and eighty age-matched healthy subjects, researchers found that AD patients tended to consume less fish and green-yellow vegetables (containing vitamin C and carotene) while taking in more red meats than controls. The lesson: The weight of most major studies on the dietary aspects of AD seems to suggest that less saturated fats from red meat and greater intake of fish may reduce your risk for cognitive decline. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik See book keywords and concepts |
That is, two micrograms of all-trans carotene are equal to one microgram of all-trans retinol (vitamin A) or 3.33 IU.
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
ACTIONS
Beta-carotene may have antioxidant activity. It may also have immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic activities in some cases.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Beta-carotene has been found to have antioxidant activity in vitro. It has been demonstrated to quench singlet oxygen co2), scavenge peroxyl radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. The mechanism of beta-carotene's antioxidant activity is not clearly understood. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald See book keywords and concepts |
I stay away from compounds like DMAE and acetyl carotene because I think they are not good for everybody. They are way too stimulating. There is a compound called huperzene A that, in combination with vitamin E, can be very effective in blocking the enzyme that destroys the memory. It can be taken in capsule form, 50 to 100 micrograms twice a day. I don't think it should be taken by everybody because most normal people have enough of this memory compound. |
David W. Grotto, RD, LDN See book keywords and concepts |
If selecting for carotene content, choose darker varieties.
• Sweet potatoes will stay fresh for about ten days if placed in a dark, cool, and ventilated location.
• Do not put uncooked sweet potatoes in the refrigerator.
PREPARATION AND SERVING SUGGESTIONS:
• To prevent them from darkening due to contact with the air, cook them promptly after cutting or peeling them, or place them in a bowl and cover them with water until it is time to cook them.
• Poke holes in them before baking in the oven or in the microwave.
• Kids' favorites include sweet potato pie and pudding. |
Michael Friedman, ND See book keywords and concepts |
Drug-Induced Nutritional Deficiencies
þ Bile acid resins carotene levels, calcium, vitamin D, A, K, E, dietary fats, and iron: for example, the drug probucol (Lorelco) lowers not only beta carotene levels but other antioxidants, such as lycopene.
<» CoQIO production: inhibited by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. 100 mg of CoqlO supplementation per day can offset this side effect.
Folic acid deficiency: linked to the use of bile acid resins.
Folic acid, and vitamin B-12: decreased by cholesterol and lipid lowering drugs. |
Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon See book keywords and concepts |
Beta Carotene/Alcohol Interactions
Beta carotene is one of the hottest nutrients in the health food store. It is a precursor to vitamin A, and people are swallowing these little orange pills with great enthusiasm. You can get beta carotene from carrots, other orange fruits and vegetables, and green leafy vegetables such as spinach, chard, and kale.
The excitement about beta carotene surrounds its antioxidant properties. This pharmacological action may help prevent heart disease and even certain cancers. But heavy drinkers, beware. |
H. Winter Griffith, M.D. See book keywords and concepts |
Colestipol
Decreased absorption of beta carotene.
Mineral oil
Decreased absorption of beta carotene.
Neomycin
Decreased absorption of beta carotene.
ISrSI possible interaction |yJU| with other substances
INTERACTS WITH
COMBINED EFFECT
Alcohol:
None expected.
Beverages:
None expected.
Cocaine:
None expected.
Foods:
None expected.
Marijuana:
None expected.
Tobacco:
None expected. generic and brand names
See complete list of generic and brand names in the Generic and Brand Name Directory, page 880. basic information_
Habit forming? No Prescription needed? |
Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts |
Take 200,000 IU of beta carotene a day to help increase the strength of the immune system. Vitamin A also stimulates the immune system; take 50,000 IU a day for one week, but do not take this if you are pregnant. Zinc increases immunity. Adults can take 30 mg a day, and children should take 10-15 mg a day.
Herbs: Goldenseal contains an ingredient called berberine that has antibiotic properties against different stains of streptococcus bacteria. Take 350-500 mg a day or 3 tsp of a tincture a day. Echinacea can be taken at 150-300 mg a day to boost immune activity. |
| Take 500 mg of ^ vitamin C two times a day; 100,000 IU of beta carotene a day; 400 IU of vitamin E a day; ^
200 meg of selenium a day; and 15-20 g of zinc a day. Taking 50-100 mg a day of B- GO complex helps to reduce the effects of stress, which can weaken your immune system.
Herbs: Thuja has a caustic effect on the wart and also has antiviral properties. Apply one drop twice to four times a day. Take 500 mg of olive leaf extract twice a day for its antiviral properties. Garlic also has antiviral properties. Apply 1 drop of tincture two to four times a day. |
Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey See book keywords and concepts |
The classic screening tests that are used for other gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders, such as fecal fat, glucose tolerance tests, d-xylose uptake, serum carotene levels, and permeability tests (such as lactulose/mannitol ratios), are poorly specific for celiac disease and should not be used in place of the serologic markers that are discussed hereafter. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik See book keywords and concepts |
In any case, all-trans carotene, as found in nutritional supplements, should be converted according to the first system. That is, two micrograms of all-trans carotene are equal to one microgram of all-trans retinol (vitamin A) or 3.33 IU.
ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY
ACTIONS
Beta-carotene may have antioxidant activity. It may also have immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic activities in some cases.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Beta-carotene has been found to have antioxidant activity in vitro. |
Tori Hudson, N.D. See book keywords and concepts |
I would also be inclined to reduce their vitamin A and carotene supplementation if they were on high doses for some other medical reason.
Calcium. One of the serious long-term consequences of amenorrhea due to premature ovarian failure or lower production of estrogen (hypothalamic amenorrhea) is a lower bone density and an increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures later in life. Even when calcium intake is the same between amenorrheic women and women who menstruate normally, there is a decrease in calcium absorption and an increase in calcium excretion in estrogen-deficient women. |
Gale Maleskey See book keywords and concepts |
In fact, in certain high-risk groups, certain kinds of beta-carotene in high doses may tilt the balance the other way and actually increase the risk of one kind of cancer.
The carotene Conundrum
A study conducted in Finland showed an unexpected outcome among heavy smokers, ages 50 to 69, who took 20 milligrams (33,200 international units, or IU) a day of beta-carotene for five to eight years. Compared with other smokers who had similar lifestyles but took no beta-carotene, the people who took the supplements seemed to have an increased rate of cancer. |
David Wolfe See book keywords and concepts |
Goji berries are loaded with carotene antioxidants, including the richest source of beta-carotene found in any food, The brazil nut is noted for its abundance of the antioxidant mineral selenium. Blue-green algae contains blue-pigment phycocyanin antioxidants. The skin of the great mangosteen fruit contains highly-medicinal xanthone alkaloids. Raw cacao beans, perhaps the most concentrated source of antioxidants found in any food, contain heart-friendly catechin and epicatechin flavonoids. |
Mark Bricklin See book keywords and concepts |
When they examined the specific data on carotene intake, they discovered that among the 488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer. But in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, there were only two cases. What's more, even long-term cigarette smokers seemed to be protected by beta-carotene, only to a lesser degree (Lancet, November 28, 1981). No other nutritional difference seemed significant. |
Sheldon Saul Hendler and David Rorvik See book keywords and concepts |
Effect of long-term beta-carotene and vitamin A on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels among participants in the carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET). Atherosclerosis. 1999; 145:425-432.
Santos MS, Gaziano JM, Leka LS, et al. Beta-carotene-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity in elderly men: an investigation of the role of cytokines. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 68:164-170.
Santos MS, Meydani SN, Leka L, et al. Natural killer cell activity in elderly men is enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 64:772-777.
Tavani A, La Vecchia C. |