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PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts

Activity of Myrtocyan®, an anthocyanoside complex from Vaccinium myrtillus (VMA), on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. Fitoterapia; LXI (1): 13-21. 1990 Morazzoni P & Magistretti MJ. Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on the prostacyclin-like activity in rat arterial tissue. Fitoterapia; LVII (1): 11-14. 1986 Paronzifli S & Indemini P. Modifications of the macular recovery tests in normal subjects after administration of anthocyanosides. Bollettino Oculistica; 67(suppl 4):185-188. 1988 Pezzangora V, Barina R, De Stefani R et al.

Platelet Aggregation Effects: Bilberry anthocyanosides increased in intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP or decreased the concentration of thromboxane A2 in platelets, or both (Pulliero et al, 1989, Bottecchia et al, 1987). The anthocyanoside component of Bilberry extract is responsible for the antiplatelet activity and stimulates the production of a prostacyclin (PGI 2)-like substance (Morazzoni & Magistret-ti, 1990, Morazzoni & Magistretti, 1986).

1000 Cures for 200 Ailments: Integrated Alternative and Conventional Treatments for the Most Common Illnesses Marshall Editions See book keywords and concepts

Bilberry has been used for some types of edema, and 160 mg of a 25% anthocyanoside extract can be taken two to three times a day. Take 1,000 meg of kelp a day to improve thyroid function, which can have an effect on edema, and supply needed minerals. An inability to digest food can also contribute to edema, so take 500 mg of bromelain three times a day to aid digestion and metabolism. Take 500 mg of horsetail, an excellent diurectic, in capsule form, or 2 ml of tincture, four times a day.

PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition Thomson Healthcare, Inc. See book keywords and concepts

A Bilberry anthocyanoside preparation (Tegens 160 mg/cap-sule) given twice a day for 12 months significantly improved retinal condition in a placebo-controlled trial of 40 patients with retinopathy in its initial stages. Improvement was seen in 50% of the treatment group as compared with 20% of controls; 30% remained unchanged in the treatment group and 20% of the group got worse as compared to the control group, in which 45% were unchanged and 35% got worse (Repossi et al, 1987). Twelve diabetic patients were treated with 600 mg anthocya-nosides/day for 2 months.

How Supplied: Most commercially available capsules and tablets are standardized at 25 to 36% anthocyanoside content. Capsule—40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, 125 mg, 160 mg, 310 mg, 320 mg, 375 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg Tablet-^10 mg Preparation: To prepare an infusion, use 5 to 10 g mashed drug in cold water; bring to a simmer for 10 minutes, then strain (1 teaspoonful = 4 g drug). A 10% decoction is prepared for external use. Daily Dose: 20 to 60 g of unprocessed fruit for internal use. Externally use a 10% infusion.

PDR for Herbal Medicines Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D. See book keywords and concepts

See Vaccinium myrtillus) ACTIONS AND PHARMACOLOGY compounds: in the leaves Tannins: condensed tannins Triterpenes: alpha-amyrin, friedelin, ursolic acid Sterols: beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol-glucosides Flavonoids: including, among others, hyperoside compounds: in the fruits Anthocyans: including, among others, chief components: malvidin-3-O-glucosides, delphinidine-3-O-glucosides, del-phinidine-3-O-arabinoside Organic acids: including, among others, benzoic acid Flavonoids: including, among others, hyperoside effects Active agents are tannins, anthocyanoside and flavonoids.

The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts

Phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities of the retina and anthocyanoside extracts from Vaccinium myrtillus (study in vitro and vivo), [in Italian]. CR Seances Soc Biol Fil 1969;163:147-50. Coget J, Merlen J. Anthocyanosides and microcirculation, [in Italian]. J Mai Vase 1980;5:43-6. Coget J, Merlen J. Clinical study of a new chemical agent for vascular protection, Difrarel 20, compound of anthocyanosides extracted from Vaccinum myrtillus. [in Italian]. Phlebologie 1968;21:221-8. Colombo D, Vescovini R.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

They also have a spasmolytic action on the gut. The anthocyanoside fraction has antiplatelet effects and inhibits some proteolytic enzymes. Extracts are also anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and anti-atherosclerotic and reduce fluid retention; many of these effects have been supported by clinical studies (Christie et al 2001, Morazzoni et al 1996). The oh oh Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside Fig. 14.3 usual daily dose of a standardized anthocyanoside extract of bilberry is 480 mg, taken in divided doses.

The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants Michael T. Murray, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

Bilberry anthocyanoside extracts are widely used in Europe in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.44-46 Bilberry anthocyanosides also exert a protective effect on capillary fragility in diabetics and reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in primary dyslipidemia.41 Although studies in rabbits have not confirmed a cholesterol-lowering effect, anthocyanosides did decrease significantly the development of atherosclerotic plaque.

Pharmacology The pharmacology of bilberry is discussed almost entirely in relationship to its anthocyanoside content, as research has focused primarily on the anthocyanosides. Collagen-stabilizing action Anthocyanosides, like procyanidolic oligomers (see Chapter 16), possess significant collagen-stabilizing action.4-15 Collagen, the most abundant protein of the body, is responsible for maintaining the integrity of "ground substance" as well as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Mark Blumenthal See book keywords and concepts

Activity of Myrtocyan®, an anthocyanoside complex from Vaccinium myrtillus (VMA), on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. Fitoterapia 1990;61:13-22. MPA. See: Medical Products Agency. Muth ER, Laurent JM, Jasper P. The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Altern Med Rev 2000; 5(2):164-73. Neumann L. Long-term therapy of vascular permeability disorders using anthocyanosides. [German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1973;115:952-4. OAB. See: Osterreichisches Arzneibuch. Ofek I, Goldhar J, Sharon N.

Study of the pupillary reflex after anthocyanoside administration. Boll Ocul 1986;65:11-2. Wang H, Cao G, Prior R. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. JAgric FoodChem 1997;45:304-309. Wichtl M, Bisset NG (eds.). Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis. Stuttgart, Germany: Medpharm Scientific Publishers; 1994;351-2. Zaragoza F, Iglesias I, Benedi J. [Comparative study of the anti-aggregation effects of anthocyanosides and other agents]. Arch Farmacol Toxicol 1985;72:397-400. Zavarise G.

Study concerning the action of anthocyanoside extracts of Vaccinium myrtillus on night vision, [in French] Ann Ocul (Paris) 1965;198:556-62. Kadar A, Robert L, Miskulin M, et al. Influence of anthocyanoside treatment on the cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Paroi Arterielle 1979;5:187-205. Kuhnau J. The flavonoids. A class of semi-essential food components: their role in human nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet 1976;24:117-91. Leung A, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Ingredients Used in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2d ed. New York: Wiley & Sons; 1996.

The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants Michael T. Murray, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

The anthocyanoside myrtillin is apparently the most active hypoglycemic component of bilberry. On injection, myrtillin is somewhat weaker than insulin, but it is also less toxic, even at 50 times the therapeutic dose of 1 gram per day. It is of interest to note that a single dose can produce beneficial effects lasting for several weeks.22 Smooth muscle-relaxing activity Anthocyanoside extracts have demonstrated significant vascular smooth muscle-relaxing effects in a variety of experimental models.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

Botanical medicine • Harpagophytum procumbens —dried powdered root: 1-2 g three times /day —tincture (1:5): 4-5 ml three times/day —dry solid extract (3:1): 400 mg three times/day anthocyanoside extracts (e.g. Vaccinium myrtillus): equivalent to 80 mg anthocyanoside content daily. REFERENCES 1. Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V. Pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia, ?Al WB Saunders. 1984: p 1356-1361 2. Petersdorf R et al (eds). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 1983: p 517-524 3. Krause MV, Mahan LK. Food, nutrition, and diet therapy, 7th edn.

The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants Michael T. Murray, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

The following doses should be taken three times daily: Anthocyanosides (calculated as anthocyanidin): 20-40 milligrams Bilberry extract (25 percent anthocyanidin content): 80-160 milligrams Toxicity Extensive toxicological investigation confirms that bilberry anthocyanoside extracts are devoid of toxic effects. Rats administered doses as high as 400 milligrams per kilogram showed no apparent side effects, and excess levels were quickly excreted through the urine and bile.1754 References 1. Grieve M: A Modern Herbal, Vol. 1. Dover Publications, New York, 1971, pp. 385-386. 2.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

Although this research is interesting, it is thought that the berries or extracts of the berries offer even greater benefit. The anthocyanoside myrtillin, extracted with a slightly acidic ethanol solution, is apparently the most active constituent. Upon injection, while it is somewhat weaker than insulin, it is less toxic, even at 50 times the 1 g / day therapeutic dose. It is of great interest to note that a single dose can produce beneficial effects lasting for several weeks. Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides provide other benefits in diabetics.

Disease Prevention and Treatment The Life Extension Editorial Staff See book keywords and concepts

Remember to emphasize dark-colored benies (raspberries, blackbenies, bluebenies), grapes, raisins, and plums, which are sources of anthocyanoside antioxidants having a special affinity for the eye. Try to plan a diet around whole, unprocessed foods, including whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. The omega-3 fatty acids have shown benefit in lowering IOP (Kulkarni et al. 1989). One tbsp of flaxseed oil (a source of alpha-linolenic acid) daily provides a good supply of omega-3 fatty acids. Because flaxseed oil is highly polyunsaturated, it should not be heated.

The One Earth Herbal Sourcebook: Everything You Need to Know About Chinese, Western, and Ayurvedic Herbal Treatments Alan Keith Tillotson, Ph.D., A.H.G., D.Ay. See book keywords and concepts

RATING: Gold SAFETY ISSUES: None known STARTING DOSAGE: • Blueberries: eat fresh berries freely in season; use frozen berries during the off-season • Bilberry extract: 60-180 mg anthocyanosides per day The colorful anthocyanoside pigment compounds in bilberries and (to a slightly lesser extent) blueberries find their way to the capillary vessel basement membranes and the surrounding collagen structures, where they neutralize free radicals which can weaken these tiny structures.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

The anthocyanoside myrtiiTin (3-glucoside of delprrrnidin) is apparently the most active hypoglycemic component of V. myrtillus. Upon injection, it is somewhat weaker than insulin, but it is also less toxic, even at 50 times the 1 g/day therapeutic dose. It is of interest to note that a single dose can produce beneficial effects lasting for several weeks.45 The most important benefits from use of anthocyanosides in the treatment of diabetes, however, relate to their ability to improve collagen integrity and capillary permeability.

Influence of anthocyanoside treatment on the cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Paroi Arterielle 1979; 5: 187-206 52. Blau LW. Cherry diet control for gout and arthritis. Tex Rep Biol Med 1950; 8: 309-311 53. Lietti A, Form G. Studies on Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides. II. Aspects of anthocyanins pharmacokinetics in the rat. Arzneim Forsch 1976; 26: 832-835 General description 997 Chemical composition 997 History and folk use 998 Pharmacology 998 Clinical applications 998 Dosage 998 Toxicity 999 Valeriana officinalis (valerian) Michael T. Murray, ND Joseph E.

Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, Revised Second Edition Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

The standard dose for bilberry extracts is based on its anthocyanoside content, as calculated by its anthocyanidin percentage. Widely used pharmaceutical preparations in Europe are standardized for anthocyanidin content (typically twenty-five percent). These extracts are also available in the United States. The standard dose is 80 to 160 mg three times per day.

Alternative Cures: The Most Effective Natural Home Remedies for 160 Health Problems Bill Gottlieb See book keywords and concepts

Look for a product standardized for 25 percent anthocyanoside, the active ingredient. VITAMIN E: For Clot Prevention Vitamin E strengthens the veins in the legs and thins the blood, helping to prevent blood clots, says Dr. Sodhi. He recommends two doses of 400 international units of vitamin E daily for anyone with phlebitis. MASSAGE: Improve Your Circulation It your doctor has diagnosed your phlebitis as the superficial variety that doesn't involves a blood clot, you should massage your legs once or twice a day, Dr. Sodhi says.

Look for a product standardized for 25 percent anthocyanoside, the active ingredient. If you notice marked improvement, you may be able to cut the dosage in half. Seth Baum, M.D., an integrative cardiologist and founder of the Baum Center for Integrative Heart Care in Boca Raton, Florida, gives the herb gotu kola to patients with varicose veins. He recommends taking capsules that supply 60 to 120 milligrams daily of a standardized extract of gotu kola that provides 50 milligrams of triterpenic acids, the active ingredient in the herb.

The Encyclopedia of Popular Herbs Robert S. McCaleb, Evelyn Leigh, and Krista Morien See book keywords and concepts

Activity of Myrtocyan, an anthocyanoside complex from Vaccinium myrtillus (VMA), on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. Fitoterapia 1990; 61(13): 13-21. 15. Blumenthal M, Busse W, Goldberg A, et al., eds. The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Austin, TX: The American Botanical Council; Boston: Integrative Medical Communications, 1998.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

Toxicology Few side effects have been observed, as would be expected of a widely consumed food substance. Quality assurance and analysis The anthocyanins are estimated using their absorption at 528 nm, as described in the Eur. Ph. Butcher's broom, Ruscus aculeatus H (Rusci rhizoma) The plant and the drug Butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus L., Liliaceae) is native to Europe, and is found in dry woods and among rocks. It is often cultivated for its tough, spiky twigs and 'leaves', which can be preserved and are used for decoration.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

Botanical medicines • Aesculus hippocastanum —bark of root: 500 mg three times/day • Escin —10 mg three times/day —an escin/cholesterol complex may be applied topically in a 1% concentration • Centella asiatica extract (70% triterpenic acid content): 30 mg three times/day • Ruscus aculeatus extract (9-11% ruscogenin content): 100 mg three times daily • Vaccinium myrtillus —fresh berries: 55-110 g three times/day —extract containing 25% anthocyanoside: 80-160 mg three times/day • Bromelain (minimum 1,500 MCU): 500-750 mg three times/day between meals. REFERENCES 1. Rose S.

Vaccinium myrtillus): equivalent to 80 mg anthocyanoside content daily. REFERENCES 1. Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V. Pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia, ?Al WB Saunders. 1984: p 1356-1361 2. Petersdorf R et al (eds). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 1983: p 517-524 3. Krause MV, Mahan LK. Food, nutrition, and diet therapy, 7th edn. Philadelphia1, PA: WB Saunders. 1984: p 677-679 4. Nutrition Foundation. Present knowledge in nutrition. 5th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1984: p 740-756 5. Faller J, Fox IH.

The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants Michael T. Murray, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

The outcome is that anthocyanoside extracts of bilberry appear to be of great value in the treatment of both poor night vision and poor day vision. Cataracts Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision and blindness in the United States. Approximately 4 million people have some degree of vision-impairing cataract, and at least 40,000 people in the United States are blind due to cataracts.

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