Phytomedicine

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The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine Andrew Pengelly See book keywords and concepts

Isolation of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor from Olea europaea\ phytomedicine, 20:319-325. Herbert, J. M., Maffrand, J. P., Taoubi, K., Augereau, J. M., Fouraste, J. and Gleye, J. 1991, 'Verbascoside isolated from Lantana camara, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, Journal of National Products 54: 1595-1600. Konoshima, T., Kozuka, M., Koyama, J., Okatani, T., Tagahara, K. and Tokuda, H. 1989, 'Studies on inhibitors of skin tumor promotion', Journal of Natural Products 52: 987-995. Macleod, A. J. 1976 in J. Vaughan, A. Macleod and B.

A review of the biological and pharmacological activities of saponins', phytomedicine 2: 363-386. Mills, S. and Bone, K. 2000, Principles and Practices of Phytotherapy, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Morigiwa, A., Kitabatake, K., Fujimoto, Y. and Ikehaura, N. 1986, 'Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum', Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34: 3025-3028. Oh, S. R., Kinjo, J., Shii, Y, Ikeda, T., Nohara, T., Ahn, K. S., Kim, J. H. and Lee, H. K. 2000, 'Effects of triterpenoids from Pueroria lobata on immunohemolysis', Planta Medica 66: 506-510.

Allergic acute dermatitis due to Arnica tincture self-medication', phytomedicine 4: 315-317. Huang, K. 1993, The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, CRC Press, Boca Raton. Klaas, C. A., Wagner, G., Laufer, S., Sosa, S., Delia Loggia, R., Bomme, V., Pahl, H. L. and Merfort, I. 2001, 'Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytopharmaceuticals prepared from Arnica flowers', Planta Medica 68: 385-391. Lenaz, L. and De Furia, M. D. 1993, 'Taxol: a novel natural product with significant anticancer activity', Fitoterapia LXIV: 27-36. Mata, R., Rivero-Cruz, J. F. and Rojas, A.

Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel See book keywords and concepts

Wiesenauer M, Liidtke R (1996) Mahonia aquifolium in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: an intra-individual study. phytomedicine 3: 231-235. Wildfeuer A, Neu IS, Safayhi H, Metzger G, Wehrmann M, Vogel U, Ammon HPT (1998) Effects of boswellic acids extracted from an herbal medicine on the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Res 48: 668-674. Willuhn G (1995) Phythopharmaka in der Dermatologie. Z Phytother 16: 325-342.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Beesley A et al 1996 Gut 39:214-219 Gore SM et al 1992 BMJ 304:287-291 Kirchhoff R et al 1994 phytomedicine 1:107 Sailer R et al 2001 Drugs 61:2035 Sommerville KW et al 1984 British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 18:638-640 Walker et al 2001 Phytotherapy Research 15:58 14 The cardiovascular system Cardiovascular disorders are responsible for many deaths in the Western world, and are a consequence of lifestyle and diet as well as being hereditary to some extent.

Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists volker schulz and Rudolf Hansel See book keywords and concepts

For many physicians, this academic stature is an essential prerequisite for their own acceptance of phytomedicine within modern clinical practice and thus for its successful utilization in patients.

This has been done chiefly by the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP), a coalition of all national phytotherapy soci- 1 From an historical perspective, the penchant for multi-herb formulations in phytomedicine has different roots. One factor dating from antiquity is the "magic of numbers" principle. Galen (131-201 AD) taught that, while the nature and dosage of a remedy were important, it was also important to prescribe the correct number of medicines to achieve the desired curative effect (Haas, 1956).

Bondarenko B, Walther C, Schlafke S, Engelmann U (2003) Langzeitstudie zur Wirksamkeit und Vertraglichkeit von PRO 160/120 (Kombination aus Sabalfriichten und Brennesselwurzel und Tamsulosin bei Patienten mit LUTS - Eine placebokontrollierte randomisierte Doppelblindstudie. phytomedicine, in press Boyarsky S (1977) Guidelines for investigation of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Trans Am Assoc Gen Urin Surg 68: 29-32. Bucher K (1951) Uber ein antispastisches Prinzip in Petasites officinalis Moendi. Arch Exp Path Pharmacol 213: 69.

Marz RW (1998) Evaluation of a phytomedicine. Clinical, pharmacological and toxicological data of Sinupret. Dissertation University of Utrecht. Matthys H, de Mey C, Cars C, Rys A, Geib A, Wittig T (2000) Efficacy and tolerance of myrtol standardized in acute bronchitis - a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial vs. cefuroxime and ambroxol. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 50: 100-711.

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Adamek B et al 1996 Phytotherapy Research 10:659 Baron-Ruppert G et al 2001 phytomedicine 8(2): 133 Bombardelli E et al 1996 Fitoterapia 67(6):483 Bridi R et al 2001 Phytotherapy Research 15(5):449 Calapai G et al 2000 Life Sciences 67(22):2673 Christie S et al 2001 Phytotherapy Research 15(6):467 Ernst E et al 1999 Clinical Drug Investigation 17(4):301 Hollmann A 1992 Plants in cardiology.

Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine Simon Mills and Kerry Bone See book keywords and concepts

International Congress on phytomedicine, Munich, September 11-14, 1996. 119. Baillie N. Modern Phytotherapist 1997; 3 (2): 24-26. 120. Bove GM. Lancet 1998; 352 (9134): 1121-1122. St Mary's thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) SYNONYMS Carduus marianus L. (botanical synonym), milk thistle (Engl), Silybi mariae fructus, Cardui mariae fructus (Lat), Mariendistelfruchte, Marienkorner (Ger), chardon-Marie (Fr), carduo mariano (Ital), marietidsel (Dan). WHAT IS IT?

Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Dr. Michael Heinrich, Joanne Barnes, Simon Gibbons and Elizabeth M. Williamson See book keywords and concepts

Some clinical studies and other data point to the efficacy of the drug, but it is not clear which compounds arc responsible. Quality control Microscopic analysis gives a very characteristic picture, including prominent pieces of the lower epidermis with cells around the stomata, which cannot be distinguished from the other cells of the epidermis (anomocytic), and cluster crystals below the surface. The material is also characterized by typical hairs (Fig. 9.6).

Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine Simon Mills and Kerry Bone See book keywords and concepts

In some European countries, notably The Netherlands, the public perception of herbal or phytomedicine is that it uses homoeopathic remedies. The significance of this is that the German industry makes up the largest single part of the European herbal market and the overwhelming part of the herbal clinical research literature. Much of this literature relates to products supplied in much lower doses than those commonly used elsewhere in the world. The clinical implications, and possible limitations, of low-dose phytotherapy are reviewed in Chapter 6 on dosage.

Contraindications for hepatics Most widely used hepatics in European phytomedicine appear to have few contraindications. They are generally mild treatments and, as antioxidants, may have wider benefits. To some extent they may merely extend the known beneficial effect on the liver of plant foods. Nevertheless, some of the remedies mentioned above may have individual characteristics that need consideration. The use of hepatics may be inappropriate in liver carcinoma.

Can Allium vegetables prevent cancer? phytomedicine 1997; 4(1): 79-83 7. Meishiang J, Cai L, Udeani G et al. Cancer chemopreventative activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science 1997; 275: 218-220 8. Boik J. Cancer and natural medicine: a textbook of basic science and clinical research. Oregon Medical Press Princeton, Minnesota, 1995, pp 110-111 9. Zeigler J. Raloxifene, retinoids, and lavender: 'Me too' tamoxifen alternatives under studv. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88 (16): 1100-1101 10. Boik J. ibid, 112-120 11.

The Natural Pharmacy: Complete Home Reference to Natural Medicine Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC See book keywords and concepts

Results of a clinical study with a preparation of several plants. phytomedicine 1996; 2: 285-91. 24. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin: American Botanical Council and Boston: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 425-26. 25. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed, Berlin: Springer, 1998, 168-73. 26. Tewari JP, Srivastava MC, Bajpai JL. Pharmacologic studies of Achillea millefolium Linn.

The Natural Physician's Healing Therapies Mark Stengler, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

Luaritzen CH, Reuter HD et al, Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with vitex agnus castus: Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. phytomedicine 1997; 4:183-189. ZINC • "... Zinc works to reduce the conversion and also promotes skin healing." Hillstrom L et al., Comparison of oral treatment with zinc sulfate and placebo in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1977; 97:679-684. • "... [At least one study] indicated zinc is as effective as tetracycline." Michelsson G et al., A double-blind study of the effect of zinc and oxytetracylcine in acne vulgaris. Br ] Dermatol 1977; 97:561-566. • ".

Nature's Medicines : From Asthma to Weight Gain, from Colds to High Cholesterol -- The Most Powerful All-Natural Cures Gale Maleskey See book keywords and concepts

Pau d'arco, the phytomedicine made from the bark, is used today by herbalists to treat bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. It's a common herb in health food stores and drugstores that carry herbal supplements. Smothering the Bugs You may hear the tree referred to interchangeably as pau d'arco and lapacho. In South America, the common name is trumpet tree. There are some 100 species native to tropical America. The tree, which can grow 125 feet tall, has been well-studied by plant scientists because of its value as a hardwood.

The Encyclopedia of Popular Herbs Robert S. McCaleb, Evelyn Leigh, and Krista Morien See book keywords and concepts

Can Allium vegetables prevent cancer? phytomedicine 1997; 4(1): 79-83. 25. YouW-C, BlotWJ, ChangY-S, et al. Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1989;81:162-164. 26. Steinmetz KA, Kushi LH, Bostick RM, et al. Vegetables, fruit, and colon cancer in the Iowa women's health study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1994; 139(1): 1-15. 27. Sigounas G, Hooker J, Anagnostou A, et al. S-Allylmercaptocysteine inhibits cell proliferation and reduces the viability of ery-throleukemia, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines.

Pharmacologically active procyanidines from the bark of Uncaria tomentosa. phytomedicine 1997; 4(3): 265-266. 11. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, et al., eds. American Herbal Products Association Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

Toxicity and safety evaluation of boswellic acids. phytomedicine 1996; 3(1): 87-90. 11. Sharma ML, Kaul A, Khajuria A, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of boswellic acids (pentacyclic triterpene acids) from Boswellia serrata. Phytotherapy Research 1996; 10(2): 107-112. 12. Safayhi H, MackT, Ammon HPT. Protection by boswellic acids against galac-tosamine/endotoxin-induced hepatitis in mice. Biochemical Pharmacology 1991; 41 (10): 1536-1537. 13. Safayhi H, Mack T, Sabieraj J, et al. Boswellic acids: novel, specific, nonredox inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase.

Effects of Cimicifugae rhizoma on serum calcium and phosphate levels in low calcium dietary rats and on bone mineral density in ovar-iectomized rats. phytomedicine 1996/1997; 3(4): 379-385. 7. Petho A. Menopausal complaints: changeover of a hormone treatment to a herbal gynecological remedy practicable? [in German]. Arztliche Praxis 1987; 38(47): 1551-1553. 8. Lehmann-Willenbrock E, Riedel HH. Clinical and endocrinologic examinations concerning therapy of climacteric symptoms following hysterectomy with remaining ovaries [in German]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie 1988; 110: 611-618. 9.

While American doctors, scientists, and regulators decried the lack of sound evidence for medicinal herbs, European scientists conducted the studies that made phytomedicine a dominant form of therapy there. Current Worldwide Use of Herbs Today in many modern nations, herbal phy-tomedicines (sometimes called phytopharma-ceuticals) are among the most popular and widely used medicines. Germany is probably the most advanced in the use of these hightech plant medicines.

Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus castus: controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. phytomedicine 1997; 4(3): 183-189. 4. Peters-Welte C, Diessen M, Albrecht K. Menstrual abnormalities and PMS: Vitex agnus-castus in a study of application [in German]. Gynakologie 1994; 7: 49-52. 5. WuttkeW, Splitt G, Gorkow C, et al.Treatment of cyclical mastalgia with a medication containing Agnus castus: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study [in German] Gehurtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 1997; 57: 569-574. 6. Brown DJ.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

Proof of the efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract Egb 761 in outpaitents suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type of multi-infarct dementia. phytomedicine 1997; 4: 3-13 71. Le Bars PL et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA 1997; 278: 1327-1332 72. Skolnick A. Old Chinese herbal medicine used for fever yields possible new Alzheimer disease therapy. JAMA 1997; 277: 776 73. Xu SS, Gao ZX, Weng Z et al.

Local therapy of Herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. phytomedicine 1994; 1: 25-31 80. Mittal A, Kapur S, Garg S et al. Clinical trial with Praneem polyherbal cream in patients with abnormal vaginal discharge due to microbial infections. Austr NZ J Obstet Gyn 1995; 35: 190-191 onnr i en win i l_im i o Diagnostic summary 1583 Varicose veins Michael T. Murray, ND Joseph E.

Search for the antiprostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots. phytomedicine 1994; 1: 213-224 CHAPTER CONTENTS Diagnostic summary 1153 Carpal tunnel syndrome General considerations 1153 Etiology 1153 Risk factors and frequency of occurrence 1154 Douglas C.

Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 1 Michael T. Murray, ND See book keywords and concepts

Review of controlled trials in humans. phytomedicine 1994; 1: 255-260 26. Janssen O, Scheffler A, Kabelitz D. In vitro effects of mistletoe extracts and mistletoe lectins. Arzneim Forsch 1993; 43: 1221-1225 27. Heiny BM. Adjuvant treatment with standardized mistletoe extract reduces leukopenia and improves the quality of life of patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast gettin palliative chemotherapy (VEC regimen). Krebsmedizin 1991; 12: 3-14 28. Friess H et al. Treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with mistletoe. Results of a pilot trial. Anticancer Res 1996; 16: 915-920 29.

The Natural Pharmacy: Complete Home Reference to Natural Medicine Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC See book keywords and concepts

Long-term drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia—results of a prospective 3-year multicenter study using Sabal extract IDS 89. phytomedicine 1996; 3: 105-11 (originally published in Urologe [B] 1995; 35: 178-83). 10. Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: A randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996; 29: 231-40. 11. Braeckman J, Bruhwyler J, Vandekerckhove K, Geczy J.

The Natural Physician's Healing Therapies Mark Stengler, N.D. See book keywords and concepts

Clinical trial in new cases of diabetes mellitus. phytomedicine 1996; 3(3):241-243. • "... One double-blind study, placebo-controlled study found that a 0.5% aloe vera cream used for 4 weeks was significantly more effective than placebo in relieving psoriasis lesions." Syed TA, Ahmad SA, Holt AH, et al, Management of psoriasis with Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: A placebo-controlled, double blind study. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1996; l(4):505-509. • "... One of aloe's constituents known as emodin may destroy the bacteria H.

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